Journal
of Scientific & Industrial Research
Total visitors:902 since 13-03-09
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VOLUME
68
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NUMBER 4
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APRIL 2009
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CONTENTS
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Reviews
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267
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Layered
double hydroxides: A review
P Nalawade, B Aware, V J Kadam &
R S Hirlekar*
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of
Pharmacy
Sec-8, C B D Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400
614, India
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Combination of two-dimensional layered
materials and intercalation technique offers a new area for developing
nanohybrids with desired functionality. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are
mineral and synthetic materials with positively charged brucite type layers
of mixed metal hydroxides. Exchangeable anions located in interlayer spaces
compensate for positive charge of brucite type layer. Since most biomolecules
are negatively charged, can be incorporated between LDHs. A number of
cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory agents are either carboxylic acids or
carboxylic derivatives and could be ion exchanged with LDHs to have
controlled release. LDHs have technological importance in catalysis,
separation technology, medical science and nanocomposite material
engineering.
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273
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Bioemulsifiers
from marine microorganisms
Anuradha S Nerurkar*, Krushi S Hingurao & Harish G Suthar
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of
Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
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This review highlights bioemulsifier-producing marine microorganisms,
which are capable of producing unique metabolites having industrial
applications. High molecular weight biosurfactants (bioemulsifiers) produce
stable emulsions, which allow bacteria to adhere strongly to hydrophobic
surfaces and then degrade large biological complexes. Bioemulsifiers are
classified according to their hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB); those
having a low HLB are strong lipophiles and used as water-in-oil emulsifiers,
whereas those having a high HLB are strong hydrophiles and used as
oil-in-water emulsifiers. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is the most
promising marine microorganism used in diverse applications. In A.
calcoaceticus RAG-1, emulsification is brought about by production of an
extracellular, polymeric bioemulsifier termed emulsan. Tropical marine yeast,
Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589, produces emulsifier in the presence of
alkanes or crude oil. Bioemulsifier potential is mainly dependent on its
chemical nature and hence its activity can be enhanced by simple media modification
or mutagenesis.
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Management & Information Technology
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278
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Heuristic
search by guided enforced hill climbing in fast forward automated planning
Seyed Ali Akramifar* &
Gholamreza Ghasem-Sani
Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P O Box
11365-9517, Tehran, Iran
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Enforced hill climbing
(EHC), a heuristicaa search method, has been frequently used in a number of
AI planning systems. This paper presents a new form of EHC, guided enforced
hill climbing (GEHC), to enhance EHC efficiency. Main feature in GEHC is an
adaptive ordering function. GEHC has shown a significant improvement in EHC
efficiency, especially when applied to larger problems.
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285
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Free vibration analysis
of elastically supported Timoshenko columns with attached masses using fuzzy
neural network
Oktay Demirdağ* & Yetiş Şazi Murat
Pamukkale University, Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, 20070
Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
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This
study presents elastically supported Timoshenko column with attached masses
for free vibration analysis using fuzzy neural network. Neuro fuzzy frequency
estimation (NFEE) models were developed to compute vibration frequencies
using fuzzy logic toolbox of software Matlab 7.0. Gaussian membership
functions and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used in NFFE
model. Hybrid learning rule was applied for quantifying output variables in
NFFE model. Frequency values of column with 1, 5 and 10 attached masses were
computed. Training sets for NFFE models used transfer matrix method (TMM).
During testing of NFFE model, good agreement was observed with results
obtained using TMM as reduction in computation effort.
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292
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Prediction of ground
vibrations and frequency in opencast mine using neuro-fuzzy technique
Y Seetharama Rao1* & K Mallikarjuna Rao2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering,
College of Engineering,
GITAM,
Visakhapatnam 530 045, India
2JNTU College
of Engineering, Kakinada,
India
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Present work proposes a
methodology to predict ground vibrations induced by blast in opencast mine.
Proposed methodology showed substantial improvement over artificial neural
networks and multiple linear regression.
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S & T and Industrial Research
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296
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Application of
Taguchi method to determine hybrid welding conditions of aluminum alloy
Hang Rae Kim1
& Kang Yong Lee2*
1Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., ltd.,
Ulsan, 682-792, South Korea
School of Mechanical Engineering,
Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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This paper presents a
systematic approach to determine optimal process parameters (welding
direction, laser power, laser focus, voltage, wire feed rate, root opening
tolerance, and traveling speed) associated with hybrid welding (Nd: YAG-GMA)
of aluminum alloy (AA5052-H32) using Taguchi method. Optimum welding
parameters determined by Taguchi method improved welding performance as
compared to those from preliminary set of experimental parameters.
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301
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Design and
implementation of touch sensing technique for respiratory parameters of an
anaesthesia ventilator
Jaspreet Kaur* & Jagdish Kumar
Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO), Sector 30 C, Chandigarh 160 030
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This paper reports touch
sensing technique of acquiring input control data from front panel knobs of
ventilator using microcontroller 89C51, besides design and implementation of
hardware and embedded system software associated with touch sense technique
for respiratory parameters. Touch sense module developed is successfully
tested and implemented in indigenously developed CSIO anaesthesia ventilator.
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307
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Proposed hybrid
method of partial extraction
Ashok Jaiswal & B K Shrivastva*
Department of Mining Engineering, Institute
of Technology, Banaras
Hindu University,
Varanasi 221 005, India
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This
paper introduces a hybrid method of partial extraction by combining widely
used methods, wide stall method for big pillar and pillar splitting method
for small pillar. Stability criteria for proposed method ensures stability
and non-violent failure condition of pillar. Numerical simulation of
underground coalmine was carried out by finite element method (FEM) and
boundary element method (BEM). Coal pillars were simulated by FEM to
determine stress-strain behaviour. Coal panel was simulated by BEM to
determine local mine stiffness and superimposed load on simulated coal
pillars.
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312
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Synthesis, characterization
and proton transport property of crystalline - zirconium titanium phosphate,
a tetravalent bimetallic acid salt
Rakesh Thakkar & Uma Chudasama*
Applied Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Technology and Engineering,
The M S University of Baroda,
Vadodara 390 001, India
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An
advanced inorganic material of the class of tetravalent bimetallic acid
(TBMA) salt - zirconium titanium phosphate (ZTP) has been synthesized by sol
gel route. ZTP has been characterized for elemental analysis by ICP-AES,
FTIR, TGA and X-ray diffraction studies. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of
material was determined and effect of calcination (373-773 K) on IEC studied.
Chemical resistivity of material was assessed in acids, bases and organic
solvents. Protons present in structural hydroxyl groups in ZTP indicate good
potential to exhibit solid-state proton conduction. Proton transport property
of ZTP was explored by measuring specific conductance at different
temperatures (303-423 K) at 10 K intervals, over a frequency range (1-32 MHz)
at a signal level below 1 V. Proton transport properties of zirconium
phosphate and titanium phosphate, synthesized and characterized under
identical conditions, have been investigated for comparative studies. In all
cases, conductivity decreases with increasing temperature. ZTP exhibits
enhanced conductance and mechanism of transportation is proposed to be
Grotthuss type.
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319
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Optimization of solvent requirement for refining
of karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil by
liquid- liquid extraction
B K De* & Jignesh Dahyabhai Patel
Department of Industrial Chemistry,
Division of Oils, Fats & Waxes, Institute of Science & Technology for
Advanced Studies & Research (ISTAR), Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, India
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An improved detoxification
method using liquid-liquid extraction of karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil is developed. Only 2 stage extractions
[using oil and HCl (1:0.35 w/v)] followed by 3 extractions [using oil and
alkaline MeOH (1:2 w/v)] can completely detoxify oil. After HCl extraction,
if alkaline isopropanol (IPA), dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile are
used for extraction, total HCl and corresponding solvent requirement would be
(w/v) 1:1.0, 1:6.0; 1:0.2, 1:1.2; and 1:0.4, 1:1.6 respectively. When only
acetonitrile is used, 5 stage extraction using oil: acetonitrile (1:0.5, w/v)
per batch makes total acetonitrile requirement 2.5 times (v/w) of oil for
complete detoxification. Physicochemical characteristics of refined oils are
acceptable. Overall oil yield (75-80% w/w) is obtained when alkaline MeOH,
IPA and DMF are used, but higher yield (85-88%, w/w) is obtained when
acetonitrile is used.
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This study presents microbial decolourization of textile dyes through
3 bacterial isolates [CPE (bacterial isolate from Pali effluent), CPS
(bacterial isolate from Pali soil) and CBE (bacterial isolate from Baddi
effluent)] and a fungal isolate [FBE (fungal isolate from Baddi effluent)]
obtained from effluent and effluent contaminated sites in Pali (Rajasthan,
India) and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh, India). Removal of Acid Sulphone Blue dye
(initial conc. 100 mg/l) after 50 h was: FBE (97.67%) > CBE (82.83%) >
CPS (60%) > CPE (51.8%). Isolates (CBE and FBE) that displayed good
decolourization of Acid Sulphone Blue could decolourize Acid Navy Blue
(75.85%-100%) and Fast Red A (46.42%-99.33%) well but Acid Magenta was
removed with lesser efficiency (51.57%-69.93%). FBE could hold a good
potential for removal of toxic azo dyes from industrial effluents.
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Author-Reader Platform
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338
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Instructions to contributors
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