Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research http://www.niscair.res.in; http://nopr.niscair.res.in Total visitors:2,022 since: 15-07-09
VOLUME 68			NUMBER 8		AUGUST 2009
CONTENTS
Review
657	Nanomaterials in science and technology Ishwar Das^1,* and Shoeb A Ansari^2 1Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India ^2Chemistry Department, St Andrews College, Gorakhpur 273 009, India			Recent work on nanomaterials and their applications in science, technology, biology and medicine has been reviewed. Nanomaterials of different shapes and geometries and their characterization techniques are described. Methods for synthesis of different types of nanomaterials have been explained.
Management & Information Technology
668	Optimization of age replacement policy using reliability based heuristic model Mojtaba Mahdavi^1,* and Mohamad Mahdavi^2 1Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran ^2Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran			This paper explores a reliability based heuristic mathematical model for basic and classical age replacement policy. Using new model, optimal preventive age replacement policy is determined to maximize system reliability. For special systems having exponential density function with constant hazard function, a different simple decision-making model is proposed. A case study of two industrial machines was conducted using weibull density and exponential density function.
674	A trend-based patent alert system for technology watch Türkay Dereli* and Alptekin Durmuşoğlu Department of Industrial Engineering, Gaziantep University, 27310 Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey			This paper presents development of a trend-based patent alert system (PAS) to find out current trends in patents on industrial technologies. PAS retrieves data of associated patent counts using extended markup language (XML). Implementation of PAS on real data of textile technologies extracted from online patent database search spaces detected realistic trends for making policy decision on existing technology upgradation and research planning.
680	Optimized fuzzy-neuro system for scheduling wafer fabrication Toly Chen* Department of Industrial Engineering & Systems Management, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407, Taiwan			Optimized fuzzy-neuro system is proposed to improve performance of scheduling jobs in a wafer fabrication factory (WFF). Fluctuation smoothing rules are normalized. Remaining cycle time of a job is accurately estimated by applying self-organization map with fuzzy back propagation network (SOM-FBPN). Division operator is applied instead of traditional subtraction operator to enhance responsiveness of fuzzy rule. Production simulation using proposed methodology outperformed existing approaches in reducing average cycle time and cycle time standard deviation.
S & T and Industrial Research
686	Taguchi method and ANOVA: An approach for process parameters optimization of hard machining while machining hardened steel Bala Murugan Gopalsamy^1*, Biswanath Mondal^1 and Sukamal Ghosh^2 ^1Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713 209, India ^2National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713 209, India			In this paper, Taguchi method is applied to find optimum process parameters for end milling while hard machining of hardened steel. A L18 array, signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are applied to study performance characteristics of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and width of cut) with consideration of surface finish and tool life. Chipping and adhesion are observed to be main causes of wear. Results obtained by Taguchi method match closely with ANOVA and cutting speed is most influencing parameter. Multiple regression equations are formulated for estimating predicted values of surface roughness and tool wear.
696	Evaluation of normal Gait using electro-goniometer Neelesh Kumar^1, Dinesh Pankaj^1, Ankit Mahajan^1, Amod Kumar^1 and B S Sohi^2 ^1Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO), Chandigarh 160 030, India ^2University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET), Chandigarh 160 014, India			A potentiometer-based electro-goniometer has been developed to measure knee angle of normal healthy individuals (5), who were instructed to walk slow, normal and brisk for walking distance of 17 m. Data acquisition and analysis on acquired data were done using LabVIEW. For individuals with different physical parameters, it was found that frequency (steps/min) remains the same irrespective of varying velocities. Step length reduces as individuals walk without shoes.
699	Novel plant based formulations for short term preservation of animal skins K Vijayalakshmi, R Judith and Suseela Rajakumar* Microbiology Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India			This study presents monitoring at different temperatures and time of animal hides and skins subjected to bacterial degradation. Rate of collagen and non-collagenous protein degradation and microbial population dynamics were found to vary with temperature and storage period. Microorganisms (proteolytic, collagenolytic and keratinolytic) were found responsible for skin deterioration. Acalypha indica based formulation for curing animal skins was found viable, cost-effective and eco-friendly, reducing total dissolved solids (TDS) level to a considerable extent as compared to salt curing methods.
708	Reactive extraction of propionic acid using Aliquat 336 in MIBK: Linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling and kinetics study Amit Keshav^1, Kailas L Wasewar^2* and Shri Chand^3 ^1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur 492 010, India ^2Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur 440 011, India ^3Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee 247 667, India			This study presents linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling of reactive extraction of propionic acid using Aliquat 336 in MIBK as diluent. Reaction was slow in Aliquat 336 + MIBK with rate constant at 0.0079 (m^3 /kmol)^0.55 s^-1. Order of reaction with respect to acid and Aliquat 336 was 1 and 0.9 respectively. Modeling of reactive extraction equilibria using LSER was carried out and predicted a close resemblance of experimental data.
714	Solid-state fermentation of waste cabbage by Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 for production and characterization of cellulases Arpan Das^1 and Uma Ghosh^2* ^1Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India ^2Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700 032, India			Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of waste cabbage was carried out by Penicillium notatum NCIM NO-923 for production of extracellular enzymes. Highest activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) (817.19 ±1.2 IU/gds) was obtained at 30°C and 48 h fermentation time and that of filter paper activity (FPA) (67.49 ±1.33IU/gds) was obtained at 30°C and 24 h fermentation time. SSF of mixed substrate (cabbage and bagasse; 3:2 w/w) resulted in increase in CMC activity by 3277.3 ±1.22 and FPA by1280.76 ±1.33. Both enzymes exhibited significant thermo stability up to 50°C.
Energy and Environment
719	Evaluation of selected biomass for charcoal production P Sugumaran and S Seshadri* Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC), Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India			Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Lantana camara L. leaf litter, sugarcane bagasse and empty oil palm fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were converted into charcoal using carbonization process. Calorific value of fresh biomass and pyrolysed charcoal, respectively, was maximum in C. equisetifolia L. leaf litter (18.48 MJ/kg and 29.89 MJ/kg) and minimum in oil palm fruit bunch (16.96MJ/kg & 18.46MJ/kg). Temperature, °C
Waste Treatment and Utilization
724	Degradation and mineralization of victoria blue B dye in a slurry photoreactor using advanced oxidation process [Brijesh Pare^1*, Pardeep Singh^1 and S B Jonnalgadda^2 1Laboratory of Photocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Govt Madhav Science Post Graduate College, Vikram University, Ujjain 456 010, India ^2University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa			Photocatalysed degradation of victoria blue B (VBB) dye has been studied in aqueous suspension of zinc oxide using visible spectrophotometric analysis technique. Decrease in COD and increase in CO2 and NO3^- concentration indicated mineralization of dye. Zinc oxide proved potentially efficient photocatalyst for proposed visible and solar light system.
Waste Treatment and Utilization
730	Photo catalytic degradation of model textile azo dyes in textile wastewater using methylene blue immobilized resin dowex-11 R C Meena*and Ram Babu Pachwarya Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur 342 001, India			This study presents degradation of textile azo dye by newly developed photo catalyst (methylene blue immobilized resin dowex-11; particle size, 20-50 mesh), which is a cheap and a very good alternative to traditional technologies for industrial application. Activity of catalyst remains unaffected on continuous use.
Author-Reader Platform
735		Instructions to contributors

Author Index

Ansari S A	657
Chand S	708
Chen T	680
Das A	714
Das I	657
Dereli T	674
Durmuşoğlu A	674
Ghosh S	686
Ghosh U	714
Gopalsamy B M	686
Jonnalgadda S B	724
Judith R	699
Keshav A	708
Kumar A	696
Kumar N	696
Mahajan A	696
Mahdavi Mohamad	668
Mahdavi Mojtaba	668
Meena R C	730
Mondal B	686
Pachwarya R B	730
Pankaj D	696
Pare B	724
Rajakumar S	699
Seshadri S	719
Singh P	724
Sohi B S	696
Sugumaran P	719
Vijayalakshmi K	699
Wasewar K L	708

Keyword Index

Acalypha indica	699
Aliquat 336	708
Amido Black 10B	730
ANOVA	686
Applications in science & technology	657
Azo dyes	730
Biomass	719
Calorific value	719
Carbonization	719
Characterization techniques	657
Charcoal	719
CMC	714
Computer-aided innovation (CAI)	674
Corrective replacement	668
Degradation	724, 730
Degradation/deterioration	699
End milling	686
FPA	714
Gait cycle	696
Goniometer	696
Hard machining	686
Hazard function	668
Hydroxyproline	699
Kinetics	708
Knee flexion angle	696
LSER model	708
Methylene Blue immobilized resin Dowex-11	730
MIBK	708
Mineralization	724
Mixed substrate	714
Nanomaterials	657
Optimized fuzzy-neuro system	680
Patent alert system (PAS)	674
Penicillium sp.	714
Photo catalyst	730
Photocatalysis	724
Preservation	699
Preventive replacement	668
Propionic acid	708
Pyrolysis	719
Reactive extraction	708
Regression analysis	686
Reliability	668
Scheduling	680
Skin/hide	699
SSF	714
Step length	696
Stride length	696
Taguchi methods	686
Technology tracking	674
Trend extraction	674
Visible light	724
Wafer fabrication	680
Zinc oxide	724