Journal
of Scientific & Industrial Research
Total visitors:3,610 since 19-01-09 |
VOLUME
68
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NUMBER 2
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FEBRUARY 2009
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CONTENTS
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Review
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93
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Energy-related
applications of carbon materials—a review
Manoj Srivastava*, Manoj Kumar, Ranvir Singh,
U C Agrawal & M O Garg
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248 005, India
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Management
& Information Technology
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97
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Design
and VLSI architecture of
non-polynomial based low probability of error (Pb) Viterbi decoder
C Arun1* & V Rajamani2
1Department of Information Technology,
Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, India
2Centre
for Research and Development, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul 624 622,
India
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This paper presents
implementation of a new non-polynomial approach to design a high throughput
with reduced bit error probability Viterbi decoder. Increase in dfree has
been achieved by proposed non-polynomial convolutional coding method. A
decoder system (code rate k/n=1/6, constrain length K=4) has been implemented
on Xilinx VERTEX-E. Performance of Viterbi decoder with proposed method has
been improved from 27% to 75%. High speed (60.299 Mbps) and low bit error rate (BER) are achieved for
Viterbi decoder. Proposed Viterbi decoder provides satisfactory probability
of error (Pb)
performance and high operating speed under conditions including AWGN,
co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference environments.
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Management &
Information Technology
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107
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Wireless
information and safety system for mines
L K Bandyopadhyay1*, S K Chaulya1,
P K Mishra1, A Choure1 & B M Baveja2
1Central Institute of Mining and Fuel
Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad 826 001, India
2Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication
and Information Technology,
New Delhi 110 003, India
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This study presents a
wireless information and safety system for mines developed by CIMFR, Dhanbad.
System consists of hardware devices and application software. Hardware module
is ZigBee-compliant active radio frequency identification (RFID) devices/
transceivers, which can be programmed to act as end device (tag), router or
coordinator that enables them to form an IEEE 802.15.4-based mesh network. It
uses a unified wireless mesh-networking infrastructure to locate, trace and
manage mobile assets and people as well as monitor different environmental
conditions using sensors. Another core module is wireless sensor network
(WSN) software, which is developed for tracking of underground miners and moveable
equipment by wireless sensor networking in mines. Software is especially
designed for tracking of miners and
vehicles, route tracking in opencast mines, preventing fatal accidents and
vehicle collisions, environmental monitoring, observing miners’ unsafe practice, sending alert message, and preparing
computerized miners’ duty hours
record.
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S & T and Industrial Research
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118
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Characterizing surface roughness by
speckle pattern analysis
M Nicklawy1, A F Hassan1, M Bahrawi,
Niveen Farid2 & Arif M Sanjid3
1Helwan University, Science Faculty, Egypt
2National Institute for Standards (NIS), Egypt
3National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110
012, India
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Speckle photography is a non-destructive technique for making moderate
sensitivity measurements for strain, rotation, vibration, plane
displacements, and surface texture. This paper
presents characterization of surface roughness by studying speckle patterns
correlation and visibility during object displacement.
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122
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Numerical
investigation for solidification around various cylinder geometries
Ertan Buyruk*, Ahmet Fertelli &
Nesrin Sonmez
University of Cumhuriyet,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, 58140, Sivas
/ Turkey
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This study calculates
effect of ice formation on different cylinder geometries placed in a
rectangular ice storage tank filled with water. Fluent package program was
used for numerical solution of flow domain to depict temperature distribution
and ice formation. Water temperature in tank and cylinder surface temperature
were assumed as 4°C and -10°C respectively. Temperature distribution, liquid
fraction and ratio of Ai /Ac (formed ice area / cross
sectional area of cylinder) were determined for various cylinder geometries.
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S & T and
Industrial Research
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130
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Activation of
fluorogypsum for building materials
M Singh* & M Garg
Central Building Research Institute,
Roorkee 247 667, India
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Fluorogypsum, a waste
product of hydrofluoric acid industry, has been blended with Ca(OH)2 and
chemical additives followed by fine grinding to give plaster/binder of low
consistency, high compressive strength and low water absorption. Addition of
lime sludge waste (15-20%) makes suitable binder for building bricks and
plastering works.
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135
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Application of rare earth salts for permanent
stabilization of skin
K
Dhayalan, R Aravindhan, K J Sreeram,
J Raghava Rao*
Chemical Laboratory, Central Leather
Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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This study presents utility
of rare earth metal salts with and without separation for bringing about a
permanent stabilization of skin tanning. Hydrolytic stability,
physico-chemical characteristics etc. have been evaluated. Combination
tanning systems have also been worked out. Study indicates a potential use of
rare earths salts for tanning, even without separation.
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140
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Optimization of
extrusion process for production of expanded product from green gram and rice
by response surface methodology
Pratap Chakraborty & Soumitra Banerjee
Deptt of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University,
Kolkata 700 032, India
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Response surface
methodology (RSM) was employed to study effect of feed moisture and metering
zone temperature on physical properties of green gram extrudate. Temperature
and moisture had significant effect on expansion ratio, which decreased with
increasing moisture content. Feed moisture and die head temperature had
negative effect on water holding capacity. Specific mechanical energy (SME)
for extrusion and pressure developed at die head increased with increasing
proportion of green gram in rice-green gram blend. With increase in barrel
screw speed, viscosity of rice-green gram dough decreased resulting lesser
power consumption and developed pressure at die head. During extrusion
cooking, two important reactions (protein denaturation and starch
gelatinization) in dough can affect viscosity. Rapid rise in starch viscosity
is also a function of temperature, so that higher range of extrusion
temperature and extrudate slurry viscosity caused high-pressure drop, which
caused greater expansion of green gram extrudates.
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Fatty acid methyl esters
(FAME), used as biodiesel, degrade over time, mainly influenced by
temperature, presence of light, metal, nature of the container and oxygen.
Peroxide value and viscosity increases with increasing storage time of FAME
samples. Use of antioxidants [3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,
6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol (BHT) and propyl gallate (PrG)] could
significantly improve stability of FAME. Storage (1 y) period can be regarded
as a more than realistic time span for commercial life of biodiesel.
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This paper presents
experimental performance analysis of a window air conditioner (capacity, 1
TR) with and without an internal heat exchanger (IHE), along with performance
comparison of R22 and R407C in the same AC. Use of IHE has increased
coefficient of performance (COP) when running on R22 (5.86%) and R407C
(6.3%). When retrofitting R22 systems with R407C, COP is found to drop with
(6.26%) and without (6.64%) IHE.
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Waste Treatment and
Utilization
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This study presents
decolorization of textile azo dye, Orange II, by white rot fungus, Phanerochaete
chrysosporium. Orange II (85%) was removed in 7 days (optimum
decolorization on 5th day at 28-30°C and pH 5.0) in liquid
cultures under shaking aerobic conditions using P. chrysosporium.
Higher dye concentration in simulated dye showed inhibitory effects on
decolorization. Decolorization ability of fungus was correlated to lignolytic
enzyme activity.
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Waste Treatment and
Utilization
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Sonochemical adsorption of
basic methylene blue dye (CI 52015) into organophilic bentonite (nanoclay) is explored. Tetrabutyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) modified nanoclay has showed
amorphous exfoliated nature, while N-cetyl-N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide
(CTAB) modified nanoclay has revealed intercalating crystalline nature, as supported by X-ray analysis. Presence of NH2, CH2
groups onto nanoclay platelet is confirmed from FTIR spectrum analysis. In presence of ultrasound, due
to decrease
in diffusion resistance, both modified nanoclays exhibit
higher adsorption due to an easy insertion
of dye into clay
platelets. Calculated Langmuir
adsorption isotherm, Q0 and Langmuir constant ‘b’ for TBAC modified nanoclay,
respectively were 0.34 mg/mg
0.246. Intercalating agent has a significant contribution during overall process.
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Author-Reader Platform
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168
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Instructions to contributors
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