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ISSN : 0301-1208 |
CODEN : IJBBBQ |
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VOLUME 42 |
NUMBER 6 |
DECEMBER 2005 |
CONTENTS
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Papers |
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Overexpression
and characterization of a novel chitinase gene from a marine bacterium Pseudomonas sp. BK1 |
339 |
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Moon-Sun
Jang, Young-Mi Lee, Young-Su Cho, Yong-Lark Choi, Cherol-Ho Kim and
Young-Choon Lee* |
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Dietary restriction and triiodothyronine (T3) regulation
of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in the liver and kidney of mice |
345 |
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Production of human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody
specific for digoxin by ribosome display |
350 |
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Correlation of HER1/EGFR expression and degree of radiosensitizing
effect of the HER1/EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib |
358 |
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Jae-Chul Kim, M Aktar Ali, Animesh
Nandi, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Hak Choy, Carolyn Cao and Debabrata Saha* |
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Expression of DΉ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
synthetase gene during drought in rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
366 |
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Induction
of resistance in host against the infection of leaf blight pathogen (Alternaria
palandui) in onion (Allium cepa var
aggregatum) |
371 |
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M
Karthikeyan*, V Jayakumar, K Radhika,
R Bhaskaran, R Velazhahan and D Alice |
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Energy barriers and rates of tautomeric
transitions in DNA bases: Ab initio
quantum chemical study |
378 |
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Soumalee
Basu, Rabi Majumdar, Gourab K Das and Dhananjay Bhattacharyya* |
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Reaction of substituted pyrimidines with photochemically generated t-BuO radicals |
386 |
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Notes |
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Determination of serum glucose using co-immobilized glucose oxidase
and peroxidase on to arylamine glass beads affixed on a plastic strip |
391 |
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Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and its fractions
of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria |
395 |
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Antibacterial activity of some unsymmetrical diorganyltellurium(IV)
dichlorides |
398 |
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Daya
Soni, Prabhat K
Gupta*, Yatindra Kumar and T G Chandrashekhar |
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Lead levels in some biological samples of
auto-mechanics in Abeokuta, Nigeria |
401 |
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404 |
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406 |
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420 |
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Instructions to Authors |
423 |
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*Author
for correspondence
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AUTHOR INDEX
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339 |
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339 |
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339 |
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339 |
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339 |
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339 |
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345 |
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345 |
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350 |
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350 |
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358 |
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358 |
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358 |
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358 |
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358 |
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358 |
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358 |
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366 |
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366 |
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366 |
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371 |
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371 |
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371 |
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371 |
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371 |
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371 |
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378 |
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378 |
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378 |
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378 |
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386 |
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386 |
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391 |
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391 |
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391 |
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395 |
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395 |
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398 |
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398 |
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398 |
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398 |
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401 |
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401 |
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401 |
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Papers
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 339-344
Overexpression and characterization of a novel chitinase gene from a marine bacterium Pseudomonas sp. BK1
Moon-Sun Jang, Young-Mi Lee, Young-Su Cho, Yong-Lark Choi, Cherol-Ho Kim1 and Young-Choon Lee*
The chitinase A (ChiA)-coding gene of Pseudomonas sp. BK1, which was isolated from a marine red alga Porphyra dentata, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The structural gene consists of 1602 bp encoding a protein of 534 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 55,370 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of ChiA showed low identity (less than 32%) with other bacterial chitinases. The ChiA was composed of multiple domains, unlike the arrangement of domains in other bacterial chitinases. Recombinant ChiA overproduced as inclusion bodies was solubilized in the presence of 8 M urea, purified in a urea-denatured form and re-folded by removing urea. The purified enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 40°C. It exhibited high activity towards glycol chitosan and glycol chitin, and lower activity towards colloidal chitin. The enzyme hydrolyzed the oligosaccharides from (GlcNAc)4 to (GlcNAc)6, but not GlcNAc to (GlcNAc)3. The results suggest that the ChiA is a novel enzyme, with different domain structure and action mode from bacterial family 18 chitinases.
Keywords: Pseudomonas, chitinase, cloning, overexpression, refolding
IPC Code: C12N15/52; C12N9/28
E
-mail: yclee@dau.ac.kr
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 345-349
Dietary restriction and triiodothyronine (T3) regulation of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes in the liver and kidney of mice
Danswrang Goyary and R Sharma*
The activities of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes viz., cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (c- and m-AsAT) and malate dehydrogenase (c- and m-MDH) were measured in liver and kidney of ad libitum (AL) and dietary- restricted (DR) mice and also on triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. The results show that the activity (U/mg protein) of c-AsAT is increased significantly in liver and the activities of c-MDH and m-AsAT are increased significantly in kidney during DR. On T3 treatment, the activities of both the isoenzymes (c- and m-) of MDH and AsAT are increased significantly in the liver of AL- and DR-fed mice. In the kidney, m-MDH showed no effect by T3 treatment, however, c-MDH increased significantly in both AL- and DR-fed mice. In contrast, m-AsAT is increased significantly in the kidney in AL-fed mice, but was not affected in DR-fed animals. In vitro reconstitution of malate-aspartate shuttle showed a higher activity in the liver and kidney of DR-fed mice, as compared to AL-fed ones and also in the T3-treated mice, compared to untreated ones. These findings suggest that malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes are differentially regulated during DR in mice, in order to adapt to the metabolic need of liver and kidney. T3 potentially regulates the shuttle enzymes, albeit to a varying degree in the liver and kidney of AL- and DR-fed mice.
Keywords: Malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes, dietary restriction, triiodothyronine (T3), liver, kidney, mice.
E-Mail: rsharma@nehu.ac.in
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 350-357
Production of human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific for digoxin by ribosome display
Xiang-Hua Yan and Zi-Rong Xu *
Ribosome display was applied in vitro to select single-chain variable
fragment (scFv) antibody specific for digoxin from a human non-immune naive
scFv library. A cell-free system was used to produce stable
antibody-ribosome-mRNA (ARM) complexes to provide the linkage of genotype and
phenotype, allowing simultaneous selection of a desired antibody together with
its encoding mRNA. The mRNA was then recovered and amplified as DNA by reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Repeating the display cycle
enriched the selected molecules, enabling rare species to be isolated. In this
study, digoxin-binding segments were selected over four cycles of ARM display
and the selected DNA was cloned and expressed as a single-chain
variable fragment antibody (the best scFv, A3) in Escherichia coli. The affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant Kd) of digoxin was 8.3 Χ 10-8
M for A3, which validated construction of the naοve library and the power of ribosome display lending to the evolution of
functional characteristics, such as potency of leading candidate antibodies to
provide therapeutic antibodies. A3 was purified using affinity chromatography and determined by
Western blot. The results indicate that ribosome display technnique can be
efficiently used to isolate specific antibody fragments from a naive library.
Keywords: Single-chain Fv, ribosome display, non-immune libraries, digoxin
IPC Code: C07J19/00
E-Mail: xhyan@zju.edu.cn; yanxiangh@sina.com
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 358-365
Correlation of HER1/EGFR expression and degree of radiosensitizing effect of the HER1/EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib
Jae-Chul Kim¨, M Aktar Ali, Animesh Nandi, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Hak Choy, Carolyn Cao and Debabrata Saha*
Epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR)-mediated signal transduction pathways are important in cellular response to ionizing radiation. High HER1/EGFR expression on cancer cells may contribute to radioresistance. In this pre-clinical study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing effect of erlotinib, a small molecule HER1/EGFR inhibitor in three human cancer cell lines with different HER1/EGFR expression A431 (very high expression), H157 (moderate expression) and H460 (low expression). Our results demonstrated that A431 was the most radioresistant, while H460 was the most radiosensitive. However, A431 cells were the most sensitive to erlotinib (IC50 = 300 nM) and H460 cells the most resistant (IC50 = 8 mM). H157 had intermediate sensitivity to radiation and erlotinib (IC50 = 3 mM). With 300 nM erlotinib, the radiation dose enhancement ratios (DER) were 1.40, 1.17 and 1.04 in A431, H157 and H460, respectively. Treatment with erlotinib for 24 hr at 300 nM increased G1 arrest by 18.6, 2.0 and 4.8% in A431, H157 and H460, respectively. Erlotinib-induced apoptosis was augmented by radiation in A431 cells only. In conclusion, high HER1/EGFR expression may result in a high degree of radiosensitization with erlotinib combined with radiation. The extent of erlotinib-induced radiosensitization was proportional to HER1/EGFR expression, as well as autophosphorylation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR).
Keywords: Epidermal growth factor (EGF), erlotinib, HER1/EGFR inhibitor, HER1/EGFR expression, radiosensitization, autophosphorylation, lung cancer, cell lines A431, H157 and H460, flow cytometric analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis, tyrosine kinase activity
IPC Code: C12N 15/52
E-Mail: debabrata.saha@utsouthwestern.edu
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 366-370
Expression of DΉ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene during drought in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
N L Choudhary1, R K Sairam2 and A Tyagi1*
The 45-days-old seedlings of drought
resistant (N-22, CR143-2-2) and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Panidhan,
Pusa-169) were subjected to osmotic stress in PEG-6000 solution of -10 and -16
bar and the relative water content (RWC), proline content, and
pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity and its P5CS expression were studied. A gradual decrease in RWC was
observed in tolerant genotypes, whereas the decrease was drastic in susceptible
ones. Proline content and P5CS activity increased both in susceptible and
tolerant genotypes; the increase was higher in tolerant genotypes. Higher
proline levels in tolerant genotypes were due to increased P5CS activity. The EcoRI, BamHI and XbaI restricted
DNA of N-22 and Panidhan genotypes were hybridized with Arabidopsis P5CS sequence
and a single band (approx 2.4 kb) was observed, however, P5CS expression was more in N-22, as compared to Panidhan.
Keywords: Rice, Oryza sativa L.,
osmotic stress, proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylate
synthetase, P5CS expression,
relative water content
IPC Code: C12Q1/00, C12N15/52
E-Mail: at_bio@iari.res.in
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 371-377
Induction of resistance in host against the infection of leaf blight pathogen (Alternaria palandui) in onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum)
M Karthikeyan*, V Jayakumar1, K Radhika2, R Bhaskaran3, R Velazhahan and D Alice
The Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pf1 was found to inhibit the growth of pathogen Alternaria palandui, in vitro. In the present study, foliar application of a talc-based formulation of Pf1 significantly reduced the incidence of leaf blight of onion, caused by A. palandui. Induction of defense-related proteins viz., chitinase, b-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by application of Pf1, was studied against A. palandui infection in resistant (IHR 56) and susceptible (MDU1) onion cultivars. Chitinase in both cultivars, with or without challenge-inoculation of A. palandui revealed changes in the isoform pattern. The Native-PAGE of PO showed induction of PO2 isoform in both the cultivars, in response to inoculation of pathogen. Isoform analysis of PPO also exhibited induction in the Pf1-treated plants challenged with pathogen. Similarly, the activity of b-1,3-glucanase was greatly induced in Pf1-treated plants, challenged with pathogen as compared to controls. Thus, the P. fluorescens-treated plants showed significant increase in the levels of the defense enzymes, in comparison to the plants challenged with the pathogen.
Keywords: Leaf blight, onion, Alternaria palandui, Pseudomonas fluorescens, induced systemic resistance, defense-related proteins, chitinase, b-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase
IPC Code: C12R1/39, C12Q1/28
E-Mail: karthipath@rediffmail.com
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp: 378-385
Energy barriers
and rates of tautomeric transitions in DNA bases:
Ab initio quantum chemical study
Soumalee Basu1$, Rabi Majumdar1,
Gourab K Das2 and
Dhananjay Bhattacharyya3*
Tautomeric transitions of DNA bases are proton transfer reactions,
which are important in biology. These
reactions are involved in spontaneous point mutations of the genetic material. In the present study, intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRC)
analyses through ab initio quantum
chemical calculations have been carried out for the individual DNA bases A, T,
G, C and also A:T and G:C base pairs to estimate the kinetic and thermodynamic
barriers using MP2/6-31G** method for tautomeric
transitions. Relatively higher values of kinetic barriers (about 50-60
kcal/mol) have been observed for the single bases, indicating that tautomeric
alterations of isolated single bases are quite unlikely. On the other hand,
relatively lower values of the kinetic barriers (about 20-25 kcal/mol) for the
DNA base pairs A:T and G:C clearly suggest that the tautomeric shifts are much
more favorable in DNA base pairs than in isolated single bases. The unusual base
pairing A′:C, T′:G, C′:A or G′:T in the daughter DNA
molecule, resulting from a parent DNA molecule with tautomeric shifts, is found
to be stable enough to result in a mutation. The transition rate constants for
the single DNA bases in addition to the base pairs are also calculated by
computing the free energy differences between the transition states and the
reactants.
Keywords: Tautomerism, DNA, spontaneous mutation, quantum chemistry,
transition rate, unusual base pairing, intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis
IPC Code: C07H21/04
E-Mail: dhananjay.bhattacharyya@saha.ac.in
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 386-390
Reaction of substituted pyrimidines with
photochemically generated
t-BuO radicals
L Charitha and M Adinarayana*
Humans are exposed to various organic peroxides through chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. On photolysis, these peroxides produce alkoxyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The reaction of ·OH radicals with DNA and its constituents have been extensively studied, but very little is known about the reactions of alkoxyl radicals with DNA and its constituents. In view of this, the oxidation of pyrimidine bases viz., thymine, uracil, cytosine, 5-bromouracil, 6-methyluracil and 1, 3-dimethyluracil by t-BuO· radicals in aqueous solution at pH 7.5 has been carried out. The reaction between pyrimidine and t-BuO· is followed by measuring the absorbance of pyrimidine at the respective lmax. The rates of oxidation of pyrimidines are calculated from the plot of absorbance vs time. The rates of oxidation of pyrimidines have been found to increase with increase in [t-BuOOH], [pyrimidine] and light intensity. The quantum yields are calculated from the initial rates of oxidation of pyrimidine and the measured light intensity at 254 nm the wavelength at which t-BuOOH is activated to give radicals. The quantum yields are found to depend on [pyrimidine] as well as on [t-BuOOH] while they are independent of light intensity. The product analysis was carried out on HPLC with UV-visible detector. The corresponding 5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine and isobarbituric acid have been identified by comparing the retention times of the authentic samples. On the basis of experimental results and product analysis, it is suggested that t-BuOOH on photolysis gives t-BuO· radical, which initiates the reaction by adding to C (5) or C (6) position of pyrimidine base, leading to the formation of pyrimidine base radical via hydrolysis. The pyrimidine radical further reacts with t-BuO· radical to give the final product. This study predicts the probable transient pyrimidine radicals.
Keywords: tert-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BuO· radical, pyrimidine bases, oxidation of pyrimidines by t-BuO
·
IPC Code: C07D 239/00, C07H 1906
E-Mail:
mundra_adinarayana@hotmail.com
Notes
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 391-394
Determination of serum glucose using co-immobilized glucose oxidase and peroxidase onto arylamine glass beads affixed on a plastic strip
Neelima Tank, Suman and C S Pundir*
Glucose oxidase (GOD) from Aspergillus niger and horseradish peroxidase (POD) were co-immobilized onto arylamine glass beads affixed on a plastic strip with a conjugation yield of 28.2 mg/g and 43% retention of their initial specific activity. The co-immobilized enzymes showed maximum activity at pH 7.5 when incubated at 37°C for 15 min. A simple, specific and sensitive method for discrete analysis of the serum glucose was developed employing this strip. The minimum detection limit of the method was 5 mg/dl. Within and between assay coefficient of variations for the serum were <5.6% and <10.6% (n = 6) respondely. A good correlation (r = 0.943) was found between the glucose values obtained by the enzyme colorimetric method employing free GOD and POD and the present method. The strip lost 50% of its initial activity after its 150 regular uses for a period of one month, when stored in reaction buffer at 4°C. The method is cost-effective than the enzymic colorimetric method, as the enzyme strip is reusable
Keywords: Glucose determination, glucose oxidase, peroxidase, arylamine glass, co-immobilization, serum, plastic strip.
IPC Code: C12N 11/00
E-Mail: pundircs@rediffmail.com
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 395-397
Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria
Cahit Akgul* and Gulsen Saglikoglu
The antibacterial
activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria (Asteraceae) was investigated
against representative gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and gram-negative strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The
activity was concentrated mainly in the dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane fractions
of crude methanolic extract. The 5 mg of DCM extract per disk produced 15-16 mm
of inhibition zone against S. aureus
and P. aeruginosa, however, no
activity was found against E. faecalis and E. coli. The hexane
fraction showed activity against S. aureus,
P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. As DCM
fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in the disk diffusion assay,
the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC) values of only this fraction was determined against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These values
were found to be in the range of 1.25 to 10 mg/ml.
Keywords: Anthemis tinctoria,
antibacterial activity, Pseudo-monas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,
MIC, MBC
IPC Code: A61P31/04
E-Mail: cahitakgul@comu.edu.tr; cahitakgul@yahoo.com
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
42, December 2005, pp. 398-400
Antibacterial activity of some unsymmetrical diorganyltellurium(IV) dichlorides
Daya Soni, Prabhat K Gupta*, Yatindra Kumar# andT G Chandrashekhar#
Six unsymmetrical diorganyltellurium(IV)
dichlorides RR'TeCl2 (where R= phenacyl-, 1-naphthacyl-, and
styrylacyl- and R' = p-methoxyphenyl,
p-hydroxyphenyl-, and
3-methyl-4-hydoxyphenyl-) were tested for their antibacterial activity against
gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC
25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella sp.) bacteria. Antibacterial
activity was measured by disk diffusion method. Inhibition zones demonstrated
that all the compounds showed good activity against gram-negative strains.
Phenacyl (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) tellurium(IV) dichloride and naphthacyl
(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) tellurium(IV) dichloride showed significant activity
against both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Among the tested
compounds, the former exhibited maximum activity against gram-positive
bacteria, while the latter against all the bacteria under study and styrylacyl
(p-methoxyphenyl) tellurium(IV)
dichloride against all the three gram-negative bacteria.
Keywords: Unsymmetrical
diorganyltellurium(IV) dichlorides, antibacterial activity, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp.
IPC Code: C12Q1/18
E-Mail:
prabhat@mail.nplindia.ernet.in; dsoni@mail.nplindia.ernet.in
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 42, December 2005, pp. 401-403
Lead levels in some
biological samples of auto-mechanics in Abeokuta, Nigeria
O O Babalola*, L O Ojo and M O Aderemi
Lead levels were determined in the blood, scalp hair and fingernails of 38, all male auto-mechanics (aged 18-45 years) from Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. The subjects were classified into four sub-groups based on the period of exposure namely: 1-5, 6-10, 1115, and >16 years. Thirty-two occupationally unexposed subjects (mainly office workers) served as the control. The weight, height and body mass indexes of all subjects were noted, in addition to other information obtained through structured questionnaire. The mean values of blood lead (BPb), hair lead (HPb) and fingernail lead (NPb) of the occupationally exposed subjects (n=38) were 48.50 ± 9.08 mg/dL, 17.75 ± 5.16 mg/g, and 5.92 ± 3.30 mg/g respectively, while the corresponding mean values for these parameters in the control subjects (n = 32) were 33.65 ± 10.09 mg/dL, 14.30 ± 5.90 mg/g and 5.31 ± 2.77 mg/g respectively. The differences in BPb and HPb levels of the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05 and P <0.01 respectively), while that of NPb was not significant. The levels of lead in the biological samples appeared to have no relationship with the number of years on the job. From these results, it was obvious that the higher levels of lead in the biological samples of test subjects, compared with those of the controls were from environmental sources.
Keywords: Lead, auto-mechanics, occupationally exposed subject, blood, fingernail, hair
IPC Code: G01N33/00
E-Mail:
segunbablo@yahoo.ca
|
|
|
|
Abraham
P |
59 |
|
Aderemi
M O |
401 |
|
Adinarayana
M |
386 |
|
Aggarwal
L M |
127 |
|
Aggarwal S |
113 |
|
Ahlawat
S P S |
173 |
|
Akgul
C |
395 |
|
Ali
M A |
358 |
|
Alice
D |
371 |
|
Anand
A |
122 |
|
Aslan
S |
190 |
|
Babalola
O O |
401 |
|
Balasaraswathi
R |
228 |
|
Basu S |
378 |
|
Behere
D V |
7 |
|
Behl
R |
173 |
|
Bhadauria
M |
321 |
|
Bhaskaran
R |
371 |
|
Bhatia
S |
152 |
|
Bhattacharyya D |
378 |
|
Bhide
S V |
156 |
|
Biswas
S |
145 |
|
Cao
C |
358 |
|
Chakrabarti
J |
238 |
|
Chakrabartty P K |
287 |
|
Chakrabarty
R |
243 |
|
Chakraborti
S |
19 |
|
Chakraborti
T |
19 |
|
Chakraborty
S |
106 |
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Chandrashekhar
T G |
398 |
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Charitha
L |
386 |
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Chatterjee
A |
205 |
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Chen
J |
100 |
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Cheng
X |
166 |
|
Chimni
S S |
233 |
|
Cho
Young-Su |
339 |
|
Choi
Yong-Lark |
339 |
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Choudhary N L |
366 |
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Choudhury
R |
19 |
|
Choy
H |
358 |
|
Dahot M U |
326 |
|
Darbari
R |
127 |
|
Das G K |
378 |
|
Das K P |
287 |
|
Das
S |
238 |
|
De M |
287 |
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Demir
N |
182 |
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Demir
Y |
182 |
|
Dhingra
J B |
173 |
|
Dubey
R K |
301 |
|
Dubey R |
73 |
|
Forouzandeh
M |
113 |
|
Gagandeep |
216 |
|
Gao
Z Q |
41 |
|
Ge
H |
222 |
|
Ge
S |
166 |
|
Geraldine
P |
258 |
|
Ghasemi S |
326 |
|
Ghosh
B |
19 |
|
Ghosh
Z |
238 |
|
Gφnenη
A |
190 |
|
Gopal
G |
81, 271 |
|
Goyary D |
345 |
|
Gupta A K |
161, 315 |
|
Gupta
Anil K |
295 |
|
Gupta
P K |
398 |
|
Gupta
R |
233 |
|
Hutchinson
T E |
92 |
|
Indra
C |
13 |
|
Irshad
M |
73 |
|
Jabeen T |
279 |
|
Jadon
A |
321 |
|
Jain P |
315 |
|
Jang
Moon-Sun |
339 |
|
Jawed
A |
233 |
|
Jayakumar
V |
371 |
|
Jethi R K |
113 |
|
Josephrajkumar
A |
243 |
|
Joshi
D K |
122 |
|
Kale
R K |
216 |
|
Kamal
J K A |
7 |
|
Kamboj
S S |
34 |
|
Kanwar
S S |
233 |
|
Karthikeyan
M |
371 |
|
Kashkedikar S G |
315 |
|
Katyare
S S |
48 |
|
Kaur
A |
34 |
|
Kaur
H |
295 |
|
Kaur
M |
34 |
|
Kaur
N |
161,
295 |
|
Kaur P |
161, 279 |
|
Kaushal
R K |
233 |
|
Kestwal
R M |
156 |
|
Kim
Cherol-Ho |
339 |
|
Kim
Jae-Chul |
358 |
|
Kiran
R |
113 |
|
Kong
X |
222 |
|
Kumar
Y |
398 |
|
Lee
Young-Choon |
339 |
|
Lee
Young-Mi |
339 |
|
Li
M |
222 |
|
Liu J |
308 |
|
Liu Q |
100 |
|
Liu
W |
100 |
|
Liu
X |
100 |
|
Liu
Z |
222 |
|
Lodha
M L |
152 |
|
Majumdar R |
378 |
|
Mallick
B |
238 |
|
Mandal
A |
19 |
|
Manivasagam T |
87 |
|
Mehta
A |
54, 254 |
|
Mitra
C K |
141 |
|
Moulik
S P |
205 |
|
Mukhopadhyay
P |
358 |
|
Nagarajan
S |
122 |
|
Nandi
A |
358 |
|
Ojo L O |
401 |
|
48 |
|
|
Pathak
P C |
122 |
|
Patil
N D |
250 |
|
Pavan
Y S |
141 |
|
Pereira Ben M J |
92 |
|
Prakash
P |
118 |
|
Prasad
S K |
173 |
|
Pundir
C S |
186, 391 |
|
Qin S |
308 |
|
Radhika
K |
371 |
|
Rai
D V |
127 |
|
Rajalekshmy
R |
271 |
|
Rajesh
M |
13 |
|
Rajkumar
T |
81, 271 |
|
Ramakrishnan
S |
13 |
|
Rao
A R |
216 |
|
Rastogi
A |
92 |
|
Reshamwala
S M S |
250 |
|
Roy K |
106 |
|
Saboury A A |
326 |
|
Saglikoglu
G |
395 |
|
Saha
D |
358 |
|
Sairam R K |
366 |
|
Saxena
A K |
34 |
|
Selvaluxmi
G |
271 |
|
Selvaraju
K |
228 |
|
Sengupta
C |
106 |
|
Shanju
S |
258 |
|
Shanmugasundaram
P |
228 |
|
Sharma
A |
145 |
|
Sharma
Anjana |
178 |
|
Sharma R |
345 |
|
Sharma S |
279 |
|
Shukla
S |
321 |
|
Shyamala
Devi C S |
246 |
|
Singh
J |
34 |
|
Singh
Jagmohan |
34 |
|
Singh R K |
279 |
|
Singh T P |
279 |
|
Singla
S K |
113 |
|
Sinha
S |
228 |
|
Soni
D |
398 |
|
Soni L K |
315 |
|
Sood
S K |
34 |
|
Srinivasan A |
279 |
|
Srinivasan
V |
13 |
|
Sritharan
M |
28 |
|
Srivastava
N |
54, 254 |
|
Subramanian
P |
87 |
|
Suchalatha
S |
246 |
|
Sulochana
K N |
13 |
|
Suman
|
186, 391 |
|
Sundaram
C A S S |
28 |
|
Suthakar
G |
87 |
|
|
|
|
Tandon
C |
113 |
|
Tank
N |
391 |
|
Thomas
G |
243 |
|
Tiwari
R |
178 |
|
Tokgφz
D |
190 |
|
Torun
M |
190 |
|
Tripathi
D N |
301 |
|
Tripathi
O |
118 |
|
Tseng
C K |
41 |
|
Tyagi A |
366 |
|
Velazhahan
R |
371 |
|
Verma
A P S |
122 |
|
Verma
N K |
173 |
|
Verma
R S |
54, 254 |
|
Wang
G C |
41 |
|
Xu
X |
100 |
|
Xu Zi-Rong |
350 |
|
Xue
Z |
166 |
|
Yan Xiang-Hua |
350 |
|
Yang
L |
166 |
|
Yeruva V C |
28 |
|
Yildirim
S |
182 |
|
Zheng
W |
222 |
|
Zheng
X |
166 |
A
abdominal gases, cardamom in
reduction of 245
abiotic stress 295
abscisic acid (ABA) 295
inhibitory effect of 297
N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides,
enzymatic
hydrolysis of 341
acetylcholine esterase 145
chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in rat brain 5457
inhibition of 254
acromegaly 76
actin dynamics in
monocytes, changes in 13
action potential 118
Acutolysin A, from Agkistrodon
acutus, effects
of metal ions and EDTA on
fluorescence and
caseinolytic activity of 100
adenocarcinoma 271, 324
Adenosine triphosphatase
(ATPase)
activity, assay of 251
activity in
pulmonary artery smooth muscle
microsomes, stimulation by t-butylhydroperoxide 19
chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in rat brain 5457
cleaving and release by PLC-Bc 92
Aeromonas spp., chitinases from 343
affinity chromatography, concanavalin A
CL seralose 156
Aging 77
Agkistrodon
acutus, acutolysin
A from 100104
agonists, in inducing
hydrolysis of
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate 173
AIDS patients
fatal opportunistic pathogens in 315
immunocomprised 320
alanine, in
modulating IRTK and PI3K activities
and on changes in actin dynamics in
monocytes
(MC), exposed to high glucose
concentration 1318
Alfa feto protein (AFP) 73
alga, Porphyra yezoensis,
improved method for
isolation of photosystem II from 41
alkoxyl radicals 386
alkylamine glass,
immobilization of enzyme on to 187
allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) 308,
313
Allium cepa var aggregatum, induction of resistance
against Alternaria palandui infection 371377
Alternaria palandui infection in onion,
induction of resistance against 371377
Alzheimers disease 73
amino acids
antiglycating effect of 13
differential regulation of IRTK and PI3K
activities in human monocytes 1318
modulation of enzyme activities in insulin-
mediated signal transduction pathway 1318
7-aminoactinomycine-D 358
4-aminoantipyrine 186
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA)-mediated
enhance-
ment of resistance in tobacco against
TMV
and capability in wounded tobacco
plants 166171
amplified ribosomal DNA
restriction
analysis (ARDRA) 178
Amplimers 8485
Amplitron 310
Amylase, from Serratia spp. 178179
amylase activity in cowpea
cotyledons 295
embryo is not required for initiation of 161165
a-Amylase 161, 295
from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCIM
2829,
purification and characterization of 287293
extraction, determination and purification of 162,
164
gene expression 163
magnesium ion binding to, thermodynamic
study of 326329
amyloglucosidase 296
amyloid precursor protein
(APP) 73
gene 76
amyloidosis 78
cutaneous 77
anaphase promoting complex (APC) 271
members of family 276
Anaphylaxis, acute 350
angoumois grain moth, see Silotraga cereallela
Aniline, for degradation of
RNA 153
Anthemis cotula, flowers of, antimicrobial
activity of 395
Anthemis
tinctoria,
aerial parts of, antibacterial
activity of 395397
Antibacterial activity
methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial
parts of Anthemis tinctoria 395397
of some unsymmetrical diorganyltellurium
(IV) dichlorides 398400
Antibody library construction 355
antibody-ribosome-mRNA (ARM) complexes 350
antiinflammatory effect, Terminalia chebula fruit 246
antimalarial drug 145
Antioxidant activity of
ethanolic extract of
Terminalia
chebula fruit against iso-
proterenol-induced oxidative stress
in rats 246248
antioxidant enzymes, specific
activities of 216
Antioxidants 19
antiproliferative effect, of Arisaema intermedium
tubers 34
antitumor activity 364
Antiviral proteins (AVPs)
from Bougainvillea xbuttiana cv
Mahara leaves
DNase activity of 152153
purification of 152
MAP 152, 154155
PAP 152, 155
RNase activity of 153
on viral RNAs 153, 155
Apis mellifera, propolis from 321
Apolipoproteins
and medical conditions
acquired disorders 7578
inherited disorders 75
physiological changes in levels 75
role in different clinical conditions 7378
structural characteristics
Apo AI, AII, AIV 73, 74
Apo(a) 75
Apo B-100 and Apo B-48 74
Apo C-I, C-II, C-III 74
Apo E 74
Apo H 7475
Apo J 75
Apolipoproteins
and acquired disorders
cancer 75
cardiovascular diseases 7576
central nervous system (CNS) 75
endocrinological disorder 7677
Apoptosis 193, 276, 358, 360
induction in PC12 cells exposed to ESA 222226
measurement of 360361
aprotinin 243
Arabidopsis spp.
protection against 171
sugar signaling mutants in 299
Arabidopsis thaliana
osmotic stress 369
P5CS of 369
arachidonic acid 222
Archaeal tRNA genes 238
arginine, in
modulating IRTK and PI3K activities
and on changes in actin dynamics in
monocytes
(MC), exposed to high glucose
concentration 1318
Arisaema
intermedium, N-acetyl-D-lactosamine
specific lectins from tubers of 3440
Arisaema wallichianum, N-acetyl-D-lactosamine
specific lectins from tubers of 3440
ascorbic acid, inhibition of
iron-induced lipid
peroxidation 247
Asialofetuin 34
aspartate aminotransferase 345
Aspergillus fumigatus, chitinases from 343
atherosclerosis 190
risk factor for 77
ATPase, see Adenosine triphosphatase
Austin model-1 316
autoantibodies 77
Autoimmune diseases 7778
auto-mechanics, lead levels in
biological
samples from 401403
autophagy by lysosomes 324
Autophosphorylation 358 361
AUTOREG, for calculation of
E-state index 106
Auxins, in promotion of gibberellin biosynthesis 161
avidin-biotin peroxidase complex 273
B
BABA, see β-aminobutyric
acid
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens-amylase (BAA) 326
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCIM 2829, a-amylase
from, purification and
characterization of 287293
Bacillus cereus, PLC-Bc from 92
Bacillus circulans, chitinases of 341
Bacillus coagulans, lipase from 233, 235
Bacillus spp., from
effluents of gelatin factory 179
Bacillus subtilis
strains YY 88 and NRRL B 3411,
molecular
mass of a-amylase from 292
unsymmetrical diorganyltellurium(IV)
dichlorides against 398
Bacillus
thuringiensis,
PLC-Bt from 92
Bacteria
chitinolytic 339
oil-degrading property of 180
bacterial strains,
methods for identification of 178
ball and stick models, heme
binding location
in human MHA 8
barley, see Hordeum vulgare
base
pairing, unusual 378
Base pairs, non-Watson-Crick, stability of 384385
basis set superposition error (BSSE) 378
correction by Morokuma method 380
Bcl2, indicator of poor prognosis in cervical cancer 271
Becton Dickinson cell quest FACStation 273
bee glue, see Propolis
benzamidazole, antibacterial activity of 398
benzene,
1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-, (CDNB) 216
benzidine, tetramethyl 28
Benzo(a)pyrene 216
benzoic
acid, 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitro-, (DTNB) 216
benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl
ester (BTH) 166
benzoyl-arg-p-nitroanilide 243
Bigdye terminator 83
Biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas fluorescens
strain Pf1 372
biocontrol and
biodegrading agents, Serratia spp. 178
Biopolymers, see Surfactant-biopolymer interaction
biosensors, for determination
of lactate, in
muscles and liver 186
Blast, in rice, Pseudomonas fluorescens
strain Pf1 against 372
BLASTn search 8384, 272
Blastocysts 173
bone marrow, protection of 315
Bougainvillea xbuttiana, AVPs from leaves of,
RNase and DNase activities of 152
Box-counting
principle 142
brachytherapy 272
brain injury 76
breast cancer 76
oxidative stress in relation to lipid
profiles
in different stages of 190193
N-bromosuccinimide 156
5-bromouracil (5BrU) 388
brown planthopper (BPH), see Nilaparvata lugens
BSSE, see Basis set
superposition error
Bulge-Helix-Bulge (BHB) 239
Bulked segregant analysis 231
butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) 190 191
t-BuO
radicals, photochemically generated,
reaction of substituted pyrimidines
with 386389
t-butylhydroperoxide, stimulation of MMP-2
and Ca2+-ATPase activity
in bovine pulmonary
artery smooth muscle microsomes by 1926
C33A, cervical cancer cell line 271
c-erbB2, indicator of poor prognosis in
cervical cancer 271
c-myc over-expression, indicator of poor
prognosis in cervical cancer 271
Ca2+ uptake in microsomes of bovine pulmonary
artery smooth muscle, role of
MMP-2 in
oxidant-mediated regulation of 1926
Ca2+-ATPase activity in bovine pulmonary artery
smooth muscle microsomes, stimulation
by
t-butylhydroperoxide treatment 1926
callose deposition 166
calphostin-C, PKC inhibitor 150
camphorin, convertion of
supercoiled plasmid
DNA into linear form 155
Canavalia gladiata (Jack bean), concanavalin A
from seeds of 157
cancer 75
breast 76
cervix 81
prostate 76
radiation and chemotherapy of, implications in 216
canonical introns 238
Capsicum annum, pythium disease of,
Pseudomonas
fluorescens strain Pf1 against 372
carboxymethyl cellulose 343
carcinogen metabolizing
enzymes 216
carcinoma, see specific types
Cardamom, see Elettaria cardamomum
cardiomyocytes 247
Cardiomyopathy 345
cardioprotective effect of Terminalia chebula
fruit extract 246
cardiovascular diseases 7576
prevention by Terminalia chebula
fruit extract 248
carob, see Ceratonia siliqua
Carotenoids, in formation of
vitellin in
freshwater prawns 258
Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) method,
to measure T2 of water
protons 123
caseinolytic activity of
acutolysin A from
Agkistrodon acutus 101
catechins 248
catechol 248
CD, see Circular dichroism
CDC27
homologue in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 274
protein, involvement in radiation response in
squamous cell cervix carcinoma 271277
cDNA,
see DNA
cell cycle
analysis 358, 360, 362363
arrest 276
Cell irradiation 8182, 273
cell lines
A431, H157 and H460 358
cervical cancer, SiHa and C33A 271
cervical carcinoma derived, expression of
mrps28
variant in response to radiation 8186
human cancer 34
cell membrane thermostability, wheat leaves 122125
central
nervous system (CNS) 75
Ceratonia
siliqua
seedlings, water-deficit stress in
cotyledons of 298
cerebral malaria 145
cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) 73
Apo E concentration in 76
ceruloplasmin activity,
inhibition of iron induced
lipid peroxidation 247
cervical cancer, indicators of poor prognosis in 271
cervical carcinoma derived
cell line SiHa 81
cervical tumour cells, down-regulation of CDC27 in 277
cervix cancer 81
cetuximab 363
cetyl diethanolyl methyl ammonium bromides
(CDMAB), interaction with calf thymus
DNA 205214
cetyl ethanolyl dimethyl ammonium bromides
(CEDAB), interaction with calf thymus
DNA 205214
cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), interaction
with calf thymus DNA 205214
cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromides (CTAB),
interaction with calf thymus DNA 205214
cetyl triphenyl phosphonium bromides (CTPB),
interaction with calf thymus DNA 205214
chaotropic agent 287
Chelators 100
chemiluminescence 358
ChiA
cloning of 340, 341342
expression in E. coli 340, 342
ORF of 341
recombinant
characterization of 342343
refolding and purification of 340341
Chinese five-pace snake, Agkistrodon acutus,
acutolysin A from 100104
Chitin 339, 371
chitinase (s) 371
assay of 373, 375
bacterial 339, 342
from Serratia spp. 178, 179
Chitinase-A (ChiA)-coding gene of Pseudomonas
sp. BK1, from Porphyra dentate, over-
expression and characterization of 339343
chitinolysis 179
Chitinolytic bacteria 339
chlorocholine chloride (CCC) 161
p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), inhibitor of
phospholipase-C 92