Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of benzyl propargyl ethers as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase

MINIREVIEW

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 419-428

Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Tumor Progression and Immune Regulation in
Lung Cancer

Swati Patel and Shubhada Chiplunkar*

Chiplunkar Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC),
Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410 210, India

Received 29 August 2007; revised 08 October 2007

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. The low 5-year survival rate (under 15%) has changed minimally in the last 25 years. Amongst different types of lung cancers, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) types account 25-40%. To improve the survival of lung cancer patients, new therapeutic strategies are needed. The search for improved therapies has led to the investigation of agents that target novel pathways involved in tumor proliferation, invasion, survival and immune regulation. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the novel targets under evaluation for NSCLC therapy and chemoprevention. Although multiple genetic alterations are necessary for lung cancer invasion and metastasis, COX-2 may act as central element in orchestring these processes. COX-2 plays an important role in all aspects of tumor development and growth. It also plays a pivotal role in regulation of cytokines and immune responses in NSCLC patients. In this article, we review the experimental and clinical evidences on the possible link between COX and NSCLC.

Keywords: Cyclooxygenase (COX), Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

*E-mail: schiplunkar@actrec.gov.in

PAPERS

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 429-436

Biochemical and immunological characterization of E. coli expressed 42 kDa fragment of Plasmodium vivax and P. cynomolgi bastianelli merozoite
surface protein-1

Deep C Kaushal¹*, Nuzhat A Kaushal²,Atul Narula¹, Niraj Kumar¹, S K Puri²,

Shitij Dutta³and David E Lanar³

Divisions of Microbiology¹ and Parasitology²

Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow 226001, India

³Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA

Received 14 June 2007; revised 22 October 2007

Plasmodium vivax is one of the most widely distributed human malaria parasites and due to drug-resistant strains, its incidence and prevalence has increased, thus an effective vaccine against the parasites is urgently needed. One of the major constraints in developing P. vivax vaccine is the lack of suitable in vivo models for testing the protective efficacy of the vaccine. P. vivax and P. cynomolgi bastianelli are the two closely related malaria parasites and share a similar clinical course of infection in their respective hosts. The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of these parasites has found to be protective in a wide range of host-parasite systems. P. vivax MSP-1 is synthesized as 200 kDa polypeptide and processed just prior to merozoite release from the erythrocytes into smaller fragments. The C- terminal 42 kDa cleavage product of MSP-1 (MSP-1₄₂) is present on the surface of merozoites and a major candidate for blood stage malaria vaccine. In the present study, we have biochemically and immunologically characterized the soluble and refolded 42 kDa fragment of MSP-1 of P. vivax (PvMSP-1₄₂) and P. cynomolgi B (PcMSP-1₄₂). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that both soluble and refolded E. coli expressed P. vivax and P. cynomolgi B MSP-1₄₂ proteins were homogenous in nature. The soluble and refolded MSP-1₄₂antigens of both parasites showed high reactivity with protective monkey sera and conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies against P. cynomolgi B and P. vivax MSP-1₄₂ antigens. Immunization of BALB/c mice with these antigens resulted in the production of high titres of cross-reactive antibodies primarily against the conformational epitopes of MSP-1₄₂ protein. The immune sera from rhesus monkeys, immunized with soluble and refolded MSP-1₄₂antigens of both parasites also showed high titered cross-reactive antibodies against MSP-1₄₂ conformational epitopes. These results suggested that the soluble and refolded forms of E. coli expressed P. vivax MSP-1₄₂ antigens were highly immunogenic and thus a viable candidate for vaccine studies.

Keywords: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium cynomolgi, Malaria, Vaccine, Merozoite surface protein-1, Merozoite, Rhesus monkey

Email: deepkaushal@hotmail.com; deepkaushal@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 437-442

Necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to assisted reproductive techniques/intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Rakesh Kumar^a, Audesh Bhat^f, R N K Bamezai^f, M B Shamsi^a, R Kumar^b, N P Gupta^b, A C Ammini^d,
M Aron^c, R K Sharma^e and Rima Dada^a*

^aLaboratory of Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, ^bDepartment of Anatomy,Department of Urology, ^cDepartment of Pathology^,,^dDepartment of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), N. Delhi 110029, India

^eAssisted Reproductive Technique Centre, Army Research and Referral Hospital, N. Delhi, 110010

^fSchool of Life sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, N. Delhi,110067

Received 14 May 2007; revised 21 September 2007

Assisted reproductive technique (ART) has revolutionized the management of severe male factor infertility and in some countries 5% babies are conceived through ART/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, the carry-home live birth rate after several ART cycles is low (18-25%) and this is financially, physically and emotionally crippling for the couples. Genetic factors could lead to pre or post-implantation failure and thus explain for low ART success rate. Thus, this study was planned to understand, if infertile men harbour genetic abnormalities which may be iatrogenically transmitted by ART and adversely affect growth potential of embryo. Ninety infertile men underwent semen, cytogenetic, Yq microdeletion and mitochondrial mutation analysis. Of these, 14.4% cases harboured cytogenetic abnormality, and 8.89% Yq microdeletions. A high frequency of mitochondrial mutations was found in 23 men with asthenospermia. It is important to understand that through ART genetic abnormalities are transmitted to offspring, resulting in impaired growth and development potential of embryo and poor take-home live birth rate. Thus, genetic analysis is strongly recommend in all men with idiopathic infertility who opt for ART to counsel couples and provide them with most adapted therapeutics.

Keywords: Genetic, Azoospermia factor, Mitochondrial DNA, Oxidative phosphorylation, Assisted reproductive techniques, Mutations

Email: rima_dada@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 443-449

Identification and characterization of lipids from endosomes purified by electromagnetic chromatography

Sonia Guha¹, M Rajani² and Harish Padh^1,*

¹Department of Biotechnology, ²Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad 380054, India

Received 7 May 2007; revised 30 September 2007

Traditional separation techniques do not yield endolysosomes of sufficient purity to permit detailed biochemical characterization of this important class of intracellular vesicles. Here, we have used a magnetic chromatography technique to isolate the endosomes from rat peritoneal macrophages and studied their lipid composition. Electromagnetic isolation works by retention of colloidal iron containing vesicles on magnetic column. The data suggested that both early and late endosomes were rich in cholesterol, whereas sphingomyelin (SM) and specific phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine are enriched in the late compartments. Our results also indicated that the purified fractions are enriched in raft lipids like SM, but not in cholesterol. The endosomal purification method described here yields pure endosomes with little or no contamination from mitochondria and hence could be used for further biochemical and marker analysis, giving insight into mechanisms of endocytic traffic.

Keywords: Electromagnetic chromatography, Endosome, Lipids, Peritoneal macrophage

*E-mail: perd@perdcentre.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 450-457

Molecular vibrations and normal modes in l-prolyl-glycyl-glycine using
Wilson GF matrix method

Anuj Kumar*, Poonam Tandon^# and V D Gupta^$

*Department of Physics, Jaypee Institute of Engineering Technology, Guna (M.P.) 473 226, India

^#Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India

^$Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow 226 026, India

Received 20 November 2006; revised 13 July 2007

Collagen is one of the most important proteins containing mostly proline hydroxyproline and glycine. In collagen, approximately 33 percent of the amino acid residues are glycine and they occur at every third position, whereas remaining percentage is constituted by mainly proline or hydroxyproline and some part by alanine etc. having no definite positional placement in the chain. Thus, a study of conformation of proline and glycine containing dipeptides and tripeptides is important for understanding the conformation of collagen as a sequence of its constituent amino acids. In the present communication, we have studied spectral features of l-proline, l-prolyl-glycine (PG), l-prolyl-alanine (PA), l-glycyl-glycine (GG), Collagen and l-prolyl-glycyl-glycine (PGG). We have carried out detailed normal mode analysis of only PGG, because interpretation of spectra of other proline and glycine containing peptides can be treated as derivatives of this molecule. Urey-Bradley force field, which involves non-bonded interactions in the gem and cis configurations is used for calculation of normal modes. The “best-fit” set of constants are generated for PGG.

Keywords: Urey-Bradley force field, Normal modes, Collagen

*E-mail: anuj_jiit@yahoo.co.in; anuj.kumar@jiet.ac.in

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 458-469

Biological activity predictions, crystallographic comparison and hydrogen bonding analysis of cholane derivatives

Rajnikant*, Dinesh and Bhavnaish Chand

Condensed Matter Physics Group, Post-Graduate Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi-180006, India

Received 13 November 2006; revised 27 July 2007

A total of eighteen molecules of cholane derivatives (I-XVIII) (a series of steroids) have been included to predict their pharmacological effects, specific mechanisms of action, known toxicities, drug-likeness, etc, by using the statistics of multilevel neighbourhoods of atoms (MNA) descriptors for active and inactive fragments. The biological activity spectra for substances have been correlated on SAR base (structure-activity relationships data and knowledge base), which provides the different P_a(possibility of activity) and P_i(possibility of inactivity). Most of the probable activities have been characterized by P_a and P_i values, which depict that all the molecules have high value of teratogen activity. The Lipinski’s thumb rule predicts that all the cholane derivatives have stronger preponderance for “cancer-like-drug” molecules and some of their related analogous have entered in the ANCI (American National Cancer Institute) database. Some selected bond distances and bond angles of interest have been taken into account and deviation of bond distances/bond angles, vis-a-vis the substitutional group and X–H…A intra/intermolecular hydrogen bonds has been discussed in detail. X–H…A intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the molecules have been described with the standard distance and angle cut-off criteria. D–θ and d–θ scatter plots for intra- and intermolecular interactions are presented for better understanding of packing interactions existing among these derivatives. There exists only one C–H…O intramolecular bifurcated hydrogen bond, while high tendency of intermolecular bifurcated hydrogen bonds based on a defined O–H…O has been observed, in which O atom acts as a prototype donor as well as acceptor. The frequency of occurrence of C–H…O hydrogen bonds is predominant (i.e. 85.7%) in intramolecular interactions, whereas in intermolecular interactions, frequency of occurrence for O–H…O interactions is 62.9%. Solvent-solute/solute-solvent interactions have also been investigated to understand more complicated processes that occur for biomolecules in aqueous solutions. The number of hydrogen donors in each derivative is less than 5, except for molecule XVIII and which has 91.3% of drug-likeness, instead of observed range of 96.5-99.3%.

Keywords: Cholane, X-ray diffraction, Biological activity, Intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, Bifurcated hydrogen bonds, Solvent/solute interaction, Lipinski’s rule

*Email: rkantverma@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 470-476

Quantitative structure-activity relationship of some pesticides

G Om Praba¹ and D Velmurugan*

Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025
Tamilnadu, India

Received 17 July 2007; revised 29 August 2007

Herbicides (benzodiazepinediones), insecticides (dioxatricyclododecenes) and larvicides (N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide) have been quantitatively investigated to explore the relationship between the molecular structure and their biological activity using molecular operating environment (MOE) software. The study provides good predictive models, cross-validated by leave-out-one method (Loo). The positive contribution of the descriptor n-O (count of oxygen atom) suggests the additional oxygen atom substitution at R₁position, in addition to benzodiazepine moiety is favorable for herbicidal activity, whereas the negative contribution of y component of dipole moment (Dip_y) indicates that electronic interactions are also crucial for the activity. The negative correlation of V_SA²and globularity (Glo) descriptors clearly indicates that the volume, shape, and rigidity of tebufenozide derivatives determine their larvicidal activity. The biparametric model for insecticides shows that the indicator variable I_CH-CH3 and R_PC^- (negative partial charge) are detrimental for its activity. Most of the active compounds in the series have shown less value for these descriptors. The derived QSAR models also provide valuable insights to optimize their toxicity, which remains a major concern for environment safety.

Keywords: QSAR, Toxicity, Herbicide, Insecticide, Larvicide, Dioxatricyclododecenes, Benzodiazepinediones, N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide

*E-mail: d_velu@yahoo.com

NOTES

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 477-480

Modulatory effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. on glucose metabolizing enzymes in aflatoxin B₁-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

D Sivanesan and V Hazeena Begum*

Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Siddha Medicine, Faculty of Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur-613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Received 29 November 2006; revised 28 September 2007

The modulation of glucose-metabolizing enzymes activities play a vital role in the depletion of energy metabolism and leads to inhibition of cancer growth. In the present study, the effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. extract on aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied on glucose-metabolizing enzymes in rats. A significant increase (p<0.001) in the activities of the key glycolytic enzymes viz., hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase, with a significant decrease (p<0.001) in the gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were observed in HCC-bearing rats, when compared with the control. Administration of G. gynandra extract caused a significant decrease in the activities of glycolytic enzymes and an increase in the gluconeogenic enzymes activities to near normal values. Thus, findings suggest the G. gynandra extract has a definite modulating role on the key enzymes of glucose metabolism in HCC. The modulatory effect may be due to the phytoactive constituents present in the extract of G. gynandra.

Keywords: Aflatoxin B₁, Glucose-metabolizing enzymes, Gynandropsis gynandra, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Modulatory effect

*Email: drhazeenabiomed@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 44, December 2007, pp. 481-484

Antiphospholipid antibodies in young myocardial infarction patients

Mahendra N Mishra¹*, Ravi Kalra² and Mahendra K Gupta³

¹Department of Pathology, Command Hospital (SC), Pune 411040, India

²Department of Cardiology, INHS Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India

³Department of Pathology, Bombay Hospital, New Marine Lines, Mumbai 400013, India

Received 30 April 2007; revised 31 October 2007

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a multi-factorial disease which claims many young lives. There are very few Indian studies that have investigated antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) in MI patients. APLs have been implicated in arterial thrombosis including premature coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis. In the present study, the prevalence of two clinically significant APLs — anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) and lupus anticoagulants (LA) in young MI patients was studied and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Fifty healthy blood donors and 40 young MI patients (less than 45 yrs) diagnosed according to the American Heart Association guidelines were recruited for the study. The criteria for diagnosis were presence of atleast two of three classical findings including: clinical symptoms, diagnostic ECG, and presence of one or more cardiac biomarkers out of raised CK-MB isoform and T-troponin on serial measurement. LA and ACA were tested by lupus-sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and ELISA respectively. Elevation of ACA was observed in 9 patients, while 6 were positive for LA. ACA of IgG isotype was detected in 8 patients. One patient had LA and raised ACA of IgG and IgM isotypes. Antiphospholipid antibodies were found to be significantly associated with MI in young patients, when considered together (p<0.05) and in coronary thrombosis, mild elevation of ACA may be considered significant.

Keywords: Myocardial infarction, Anticardiolipin antibodies, Lupus anticoagulants

*E-mail: mnmishra@hotmail.com

Annual Subject Index

A
AATF (Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor) gene
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
Absorption spectroscopy
fluorescence and UV-Vis, to study interactions between plant secondary metabolites and glutathione transferase	101
ACA. see Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs)
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) filarial
Partial purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase isozymes from Setaria cervi	379
Acid invertase
of carbohydrate metabolism in seedlings of wheat cultivars, effect of water deficit on	223
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Differential expression of sialic acids and adhesion molecules on MNCs of bone marrow and peripheral blood in childhood ALL	357
Addiction, opium
Correlation of circulatory immunoglobulin levels with Mu opiate receptor allele	394
Adipokines
Role of T-cells in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia	344
Advanced glycosylation end products (AGE)
AGE-mediated activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373
Advanced protein secondary structure prediction (APSSP)
Conformation of octapeptide fragment (2-9) of kaliocin-1 in DMSO-d₆ by ¹H NMR	44
AerA gene
Cloning, expression and characterization of aerolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila in E. coli	204
Aerolysin
from Aeromonas hydrophila, cloning, expression and characterization of	204
Aeromonas hydrophila
aerolysin from, cloning, expression and characterization of	204
Role of virulence plasmid of A. hydrophila in pathogenesis of UDS in Clarias batrachus	401
Aflatoxin B1
hepatocellular carcinoma induced by, modulatory effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. on glucose metabolizing enzymes in	477
Age
postnatal regulation of glucocorticoid receptor in liver of chicken	7
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
HIV-1 Tat protein: Immunological facets of a transcriptional activator	269
Airway responsiveness
iNOS: role in Asthma pathogenesis	303
Alkaline invertase
of carbohydrate metabolism in seedlings of wheat cultivars, effect of water deficit on	223
ALL. see Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Allergen
role of pepsin in modifying allergenicity of Bhetki and Mackerel fish	94
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Expression, purification and characterization of human amyloid b (Ab1-42) peptide in E. coli	71
a and b-Amylase
of carbohydrate metabolism in seedlings of wheat cultivars, effect of water deficit on	223
Amyloid b (Ab)
Expression, purification and characterization of human amyloid b (Ab1-42) peptide in E. coli	71
Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
Expression, purification and characterization of human amyloid b (Ab1-42) peptide in E. coli	71
Anergy
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Anticancer activity
Prodigiosins: a novel family of immunosuppressants with anti-cancer activity	295
Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs)
antiphospholipid antibodies in young myocardial infarction patients	481
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Antimicrobial activity
of kaliocin-1, conformation of octapeptide fragment (2-9) by ¹H NMR and restrained molecular dynamics	44
Antioxidant activity
of Mucuna pruriens seeds extract	56
Antioxidants
UV-B induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in cucumber cotyledons	31
Anti-Parkinson activity
of Mucuna pruriens seeds extract	56
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs)
ACA and LA in young myocardial infarction patients	481
Apoptosis
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Arachidonic acid
metabolism, in sheep uterus	216
Archaeal ribosomes
susceptibility to pancreatic RNase A and stability to heat treatment with stabilizing/destabilizing agents	19
ART. see Assisted reproductive technique (ART)
Arthritis
type II, collagen-induced, parallel changes in fibronectin and a₅b₁ integrin in articular cartilage in	14
Ascorbic acid
UV-B induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in cucumber cotyledons	31
Aspergillus fumigatus
in tobacco, expression of heat stable phytase from	26
Assisted reproductive technique (ART)
necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to	437
Asthenospermia
men with, high frequency of mitochondrial mutations in	437
Asthma
iNOS: role in Asthma pathogenesis	303
Autocatalytic processing
Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved Thr407 Asp433 and Met464 residues in EcGGT subunit	197
Azadirachta indica
leaf extract in modulation of initiation phase of murine forestomach tumorigenesis	209

B
Bcl-x_L protein
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Benzodiazepinediones
QSAR of	470
Bhetki fish
allergenicity of, role of pepsin in modification of	94
Binding affinity
of NN-Dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-yl-glyoxylamides on peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, QSAR of	114
Biosensor
Electrochemical studies of glucose oxidase immobilized on glutathione coated gold nanoparticles	82
Brugia malayi
Partial purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase isozymes from Setaria cervi	379

C
Cancer
cervical, role of IL-10 in immune suppression of	350
lung, role of COX-2 in tumor progression and immune regulation in	419
Modulatory effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. on glucose metabolizing enzymes in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats	477
Cancer chemotherapy
Prodigiosins: a novel family of immunosuppressants with anti-cancer activity	295
Carbohydrate metabolism
in seedlings of wheat cultivars, effect of water deficit on carbohydrate status and enzymes of	223
Carbonic anhydrase
from Elephas trogontherii (Steppe elephant) bone, purification and some properties of	252
Carcinogenesis
modulation of initiation phase by Azadirachta indica leaf extract	209
Caspase activity
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Catalase
immobilized on to florisil, kinetic properties and storage stability of	38
Catechin
and glutathione transferase, fluorescence quenching to study interactions between	101
Catfish
Clarias batrachus, role of virulence plasmid of A. hydrophila in the pathogenesis of UDS in	401
CD4 Lymphopenia
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
Cell adhesion
Differential expression of sialic acids and adhesion molecules on MNCs of bone marrow and peripheral blood in childhood ALL	357
Cell signaling
PtdIns 4-kinases (type II) in cell signaling cascades	289
Cervical cancer
role of IL-10 in immune suppression in	350
Cholane
biological activity predictions, crystallographic comparison and hydrogen bonding analysis of cholane derivatives	458
Cinnamic acid
and glutathione transferase, fluorescence quenching to study interactions between	101
Clarias batrachus
role of virulence plasmid of A. hydrophila in the pathogenesis of UDS in	401
Cloning
Cloning, expression and characterization of aerolysin from A. hydrophila in E. coli	204
Collagen conformation
Molecular vibrations and normal modes in L-prolyl-glycyl-glycine using Wilson GF matrix method	450
Collagen-induced arthritis
type II, parallel changes in fibronectin and a₅b₁ integrin in articular cartilage in	14
Complement system
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
Cucumber cotyledons
UV-B induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in	31
Cucumis sativus. see Cucumber cotyledons
Cyanobacteria
freshwater and marine, effect of UV-B and high visual radiation on photosynthesis in	231
Cyclooxygenase (COX)
COX-2
QSAR study of orally active inhibitors of 3-phenoxypyran-4-one derivatives of	50
role in tumor progression and immune regulation in lung cancer	419
metabolism of arachidonic acid in sheep uterus	216
Cytokines
HIV-1 Tat protein: Immunological facets of a transcriptional activator	269
IL-10, in immune suppression in cervical cancer	350
Immunomodulatory role of arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan on Leishmania donovani infected murine macrophages	366
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Th1/Th2
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Role in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia	344

D
Decay-accelerating activity (DAA)
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
Dendritic cells (DCs)
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
[3H]-Dexamethasone
specific binding to glucocoticoid receptor and activation of hormone-receptor (H-R) complexes in liver during postnatal development of chicken	7
Diabetes mellitus
AGE-mediated activation of PMNs in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373
Role of T-cells in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia	344
NN-Dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-yl-glyoxylamides
QSAR of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor binding affinity of	114
712-Dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA)
modulation of DMBA-induced biochemical changes by organoselenium compounds in blood of rats	257
Dioxatricyclododecenes
QSAR of	470
Double quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY)
role in conformation of octapeptide fragment (2-9) of kaliocin-1 in DMSO-d₆	44

E
Electromagnetic chromatography
purification of endosomes from rat peritoneal macropage, identification and characterization of lipids in	443
Elephas trogontherii
carbonic anhydrase from bone of, purification and some properties of	252
Endosomes
from rat peritoneal macropage, identification and characterization of lipids from	443
Endothelial cells
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Environment safety
QSAR of dioxatricyclododecenes, benzodiazepinediones and N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide	470
Enzyme assays
application of improved method of inorganic phosphate estimation in, Pi analysis in	88
Escherichia coli g-glutamyltranspeptidase (EcGGT)
site-directed mutagenesis of conserved Thr407 Asp433 and Met464 residues in subunit of	197

F
Fas-FasL
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Fermentation, solid-state
purification and properties of extracellular pectin lyase produced by Penicillium oxalicum strain in	247
Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)
AGE-mediated activation of PMNs in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373
Fibronectin (FN)
Parallel changes in fibronectin and a₅b₁ integrin in articular cartilage in type II collagen-induced arthritis	14
Filariasis
Partial purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase isozymes from Setaria cervi	379
Florisil
catalase immobilized on to, kinetic properties and storage stability of	38
Flow cytometry
Differential expression of sialic acids and adhesion molecules on MNCs of bone marrow and peripheral blood in childhood ALL	357
Fluorescence absorption spectroscopy
to study interactions between plant secondary metabolites and glutathione transferase	101

G
a-Galactosidase
from Pleurotus florida, purification and properties of	76
Gel transfer
purification of protein from crude mixture through SDS-PAGE transfer method	122
Gene expression
Ab, expression, purification and characterization of	71
cloning, expression and characterization of aerolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila in E. coli	204
of heat stable phytase from Aspergillus fumigatus in tobacco	26
Genome analysis
necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to ART/ICSI	437
Glucocorticoid receptor
in liver, postnatal regulation of	7
Glucose derepression
regulation of invertase secretion and glucose-repressed SUC2 gene expression in Saccharomyces sp. W4 by inositol supplementation	152
Glucose oxidase
immobilized on glutathione coated gold nanoparticles, electrochemical studies of	82
g-Glutamyltranspeptidase
site-directed mutagenesis of conserved Thr407 Asp433 and Met464 residues in EcGGT subunit	197
Glutathione
gold nanoparticles coated with, immobilization of glucose oxidase by	82
Glutathione reductase (GR)
UV-B induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in cucumber cotyledons	31
Glutathione transferase (GST)
and plant secondary metabolites, fluorescence quenching to study interactions between	101
L-Glycyl-glycine (GG)
spectral features of	450
Gold nanoparticle
electrochemical studies of glucose oxidase immobilized on glutathione coated gold nanoparticles	82
Guaiacol peroxidase (GPH)
UV-B induced changes in antioxidant enzymes and their isoforms in cucumber cotyledons	31
Gynandropsis gynandra L.
modulatory effect on glucose metabolizing enzymes in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats	477

H
Haematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs)
Differential expression of sialic acids and adhesion molecules on MNCs of bone marrow and peripheral blood in childhood ALL	357
Heat capacity
in polyglycine II and vibrational dynamics	240
Hepatocellular carcinoma
aflatoxin B1-induced, modulatory effect of Gynandropsis gynandra L. on glucose metabolizing enzymes in	477
Herbicide
QSAR of dioxatricyclododecenes, benzodiazepinediones and N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide	470
HHV-8
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
HIV-1 RNomics
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
Hormone-receptor (H-R) complexes
activation and [3H]-dexamethasone binding to glucocoticoid receptor in liver during postnatal development of chicken	7
Human amyloid b
expression, purification and characterization of human amyloid b (Ab1-42) peptide in E. coli	71
Human filarial parasite
Partial purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase isozymes from Setaria cervi	379
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276
HIV-1 Tat protein: Immunological facets of a transcriptional activator	269
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Role of IL-10 in immune suppression in cervical cancer	350
HVS-CCPH (Herpesvirus saimiri complement control protein homolog)
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
Hydrogen bonds
biological activity predictions, crystallographic comparison and hydrogen bonding analysis of cholane derivatives	458
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE)
Metabolism of arachidonic acid in sheep uterus	216
Hyperglycemia
AGE-mediated activation of PMNs in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373

I
ICSI. see Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Ig. see Immunoglobulins (Ig)
Immobilization
catalase, immobilized on to florisil, kinetic properties and storage stability of	38
electrochemical studies of glucose oxidase immobilized on glutathione coated gold nanoparticles	82
a-galactosidase immobilized in agar for degradation of raffinose and stachyose in soymilk	76
Immune evasion
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
Immune response
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Immunoblotting
role of pepsin in modifying allergenicity of Bhetki and Mackerel fish	94
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
circulatory IgA/IgG levels correlation with Mu opiate receptor allele	394
Differential expression of sialic acids and adhesion molecules on MNCs of bone marrow and peripheral blood in childhood ALL	357
IgE-reactivity
role of pepsin in modifying allergenicity of Bhetki and Mackerel fish	94
Immunomodulator
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Immunosuppressants
Prodigiosins: a novel family of immunosuppressants with anti-cancer activity	295
Immunosuppression
in cervical cancer, role of IL-10 in	350
Correlation of circulatory immunoglobulin levels with Mu opiate receptor allele	394
HIV-1 Tat protein: Immunological facets of a transcriptional activator	269
Prodigiosins: a novel family of immunosuppressants with anti-cancer activity	295
Infection
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Infertility
male, necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to ART/ICSI	437
Inflammation
Role of T-cells in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia	344
Inorganic phosphate
improved method for estimation of implications for its application in enzyme assays	88
iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase)
Immunomodulatory role of arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan on Leishmania donovani infected murine macrophages	366
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
role in Asthma pathogenesis	303
Inositol supplementation
on invertase secretion and glucose-repressed SUC2 gene expression in Saccharomyces sp. W4	152
Insecticide
QSAR of dioxatricyclododecenes, benzodiazepinediones and N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide	470
Integrins
Parallel changes in fibronectin and a₅b₁ integrin in articular cartilage in type II collagen-induced arthritis	14
Intercalating agents
archaeal ribosomes exposed to, effect on structural stability of	19
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
role in immune suppression in cervical cancer	350
Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to	437
Invertase secretion
in Saccharomyces sp. W4, regulation by inositol supplementation	152

K
Kala-azar. see Leishmaniasis
Kaliocin-1
octapeptide fragment (2-9) of, conformation in DMSO-d₆ by ¹H NMR	44
Kaposica (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inhibitor of complement activation)
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331

L
LA. see Lupus anticoagulants (LAs)
Larvicide
QSAR of dioxatricyclododecenes, benzodiazepinediones and N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide	470
Lates calcarifer
allergenicity of, role of pepsin in modification of	94
Leishmaniasis
Immunomodulatory role of arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan on Leishmania donovani infected murine macrophages	366
Leprosy
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
t-Leu
construction of single-strand collagen/inverse collagen-type structure using residues of
effect of alternate chiralities and conformational behavior of poly t-Leu peptides	106
Lipid kinases
PtdIns 4-kinases (type II) in cell signaling cascades	289
Lipinski's rule
Biological activity predictions, crystallographic comparison and hydrogen bonding analysis of cholane derivatives	458
Lipoarabinomannan arabinosylated (Ara-LAM)
Immunomodulatory role of arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan on Leishmania donovani infected murine macrophages	366
Liposome
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Lipoxygenase (LOX)
Metabolism of arachidonic acid in sheep uterus	216
Lithistida sp.
polytheonamide B from, construction and design of single stranded collagen-like structure using t-Leu residues of	106
Lupus anticoagulants (LAs)
Antiphospholipid antibodies in young myocardial infarction patients	481
Lymphopenia
Cellular AATF gene: Armour against HIV-1	276

M
Mackerel fish
allergenicity of, role of pepsin in modification of	94
Macrophages
M. tuberculosis and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Macrosomia
and diabetic pregnancy, role of T-cells in	344
Malaria vaccine
Biochemical and immunological characterization of E. coli expressed 42 kDa fragment of P. vivax and P. cynomolgi bastianelli MSP-1	429
Male infertility
necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to ART/ICSI	437
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
AGE-mediated activation of PMNs in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373
Mast cells
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1)
Biochemical and immunological characterization of E. coli expressed 42 kDa fragment of P. vivax and P. cynomolgi bastianelli MSP-1	429
Microbial pathogenicity
PtdIns 4-kinases (type II) in cell signaling cascades	289
MOPICE (Monkeypox inhibitor of complement enzymes)
Viral complement regulators: the expert mimicking swindlers	331
Mucuna pruriens
bioactive principles from seeds of	56
Mu opiate receptor (MOR)
Correlation of circulatory immunoglobulin levels with Mu opiate receptor allele	394
Mutations
mitochondrial necessity of nuclear and mitochondrial genome analysis prior to ART/ICSI	437
M. tuberculosis
and dendritic cells: Recognition activation and functional implications	279
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)
role in protection of cyanobacteria from oxidative damage caused by UV-B radiation	231
Myocardial infarction (MI)
young patients with, antiphospholipid antibodies in	481

N
Neem
Azadirachta indica leaf extract in modulation of initiation phase of murine forestomach tumorigenesis	209
Neuroprotective activity
of Mucuna pruriens seeds extract	56
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Nicotiana tabacum
expression of heat stable phytase from Aspergillus fumigatus in	26
Nitric oxide (NO)
Immunomodulatory role of arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan on Leishmania donovani infected murine macrophages	366
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor
iNOS: role in Asthma pathogenesis	303
NK (Natural Killer) cells
Nitric oxide and immune response	310
Non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPs)
polytheonamide B from Lithistida sp., construction and design of single stranded collagen-like structure using t-Leu residues of	106
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
Role of COX-2 in tumor progression and immune regulation in lung cancer	419
Nostoc spongiaeforme
effect of UV-B and high visual radiation on photosynthesis in	231
Nramp-1(Natural resistance associated macrophage protein-1)
Immunological cellular and molecular events in typhoid fever	320
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
for conformation of octapeptide fragment (2-9) of kaliocin-1 in DMSO-d₆ by ¹H NMR	44
Nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY)
DQF-COSY in conformation of octapeptide fragment (2-9) of kaliocin-1 in DMSO-d₆	44

O
Opiate addiction
Correlation of circulatory immunoglobulin levels with Mu opiate receptor allele	394
Organoselenium compounds
DMBA-induced biochemical changes by modulation of	257
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs)
Immunological cellular and molecular events in typhoid fever	320
Oxidative stress
AGE-mediated activation of PMNs in diabetes mellitus and associated oxidative stress	373
Modulation of DMBA-induced biochemical changes by organoselenium compounds in blood of rats	257

P
Pectins
Purification and properties of extracellular pectin lyase produced by Penicillium oxalicum strain in solid-state fermentation	247
Penicillium oxalicum
extracellular pectin lyase produced by purification and properties of	247
Pepsin
role in modifying allergenicity of Bhetki and Mackerel fish	94
Peptide conformation
octapeptide fragment (2-9) of kaliocin-1 in DMSO-d₆ by ¹H NMR	44
Peptide designing
construction and design of single stranded collagen-like structure using t-Leu residues	106
Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)
binding affinity of NN-Dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-yl-glyoxylamides to QSAR of	114
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
Liposomal delivery of M. leprae antigens with murabutide and Trat peptide inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis of PBMCs from leprosy patients	386
Peritoneal macrophage
endosomes from electromagnetic chromatography for identification and characterization of lipids in	443
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
Role of T-cells in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia	344
Pesticides
QSAR of dioxatricyclododecenes, benzodiazepinediones and N-oxalyl derivatives of tebufenozide	470
3-phenoxypyran-4-one derivatives
COX-2 inhibitors of QSAR study of	50
Phonon dispersion
Vibrational dynamics and heat capacity in polyglycine II	240
Phormidium corium
effect of UV-B and high visual radiation on photosynthesis in	231
Phosphatidylinositol
in regulation of invertase secretion and glucose-repressed SUC2 gene expression in Saccharomyces sp. W4	152
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases
PtdIns 4-kinases (type II) in cell signaling cascades	289
Photosynthesis
Efffect of UV-B and high visual radiation on photosynthesis in freshwater and marine cyanobacteria	231
Phytase
heat stable from Aspergillus fumigatus expression in tobacco	26
Pi analysis
in enzyme assays suitability of improved method of inorganic phosphate estimation in	88
Plant secondary metabolites
and glutathione transferase fluorescence quenching to study interactions between	101

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

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