CODEN : IJBBBQ ISSN : 0301-1208
Total visitors: 3,691 since 25-06-08
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VOLUME 45 |
NUMBER 3 |
JUNE 2008 |
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Minireviews |
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Host genes that affect
progression of AIDS/HIV in |
141 |
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Protein translocation
pathways across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes |
149 |
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Papers |
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Thermodynamic
properties of the Calvin cycle and pentose phosphate pathway |
157 |
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Vladimir Leskovac*, Svetlana Trivić, Draginja Peričin, Mira
Popović |
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DNA
aggregation by an archaeal DNA binding protein Sac10b and its novel DNA |
166 |
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Jaya S Koti, Sreenivas
Kanugula and Tangirala Suryanarayana* |
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Pichia pastoris INO1 gene expression affects intracellular maltase activity and MAL1+ gene
expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
174 |
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Zhengming Chi*, Jing Li,
Lin Wang, Susu He and Xianghong Wang |
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Myeloperoxidase
activity in infection complicated and uninfected diabetic patients |
179 |
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Inhibitory
effects of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde on the activity of phenoloxidase from |
184 |
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Chao-Bin Xue, Wan-Chun Luo*, Qing-Xi
Chen, De-Ying Ma and Qin Wang |
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Porcine pancreas
lipase catalyzed synthesis of lauryl laurate in organic solvent media: |
192 |
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QSAR
study of lipid peroxidation-inhibition potential of some phenolic
antioxidants |
198 |
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Notes |
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Hepatoprotective
effect of vitamin C on sodium nitrite-induced lipid peroxidation in albino
rats |
206 |
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Alterations in immunoglobulins and cytokine levels in blood of malathion
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209 |
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Vandana
Seth, B D Banerjee*, Rafat S Ahmed, A Bhattacharya and S T Pasha |
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Instructions to Authors |
212 |
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——————
*Author
for correspondence
AUTHOR INDEX
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Indian
Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp.141-148
Host genes that affect progression of AIDS/HIV in
Vikas Sood, Anurag Rathore^, Sajid Husain@,
Sohrab Khan, Shruti Patra, Vijay Shankar, Harsh Kumar,
Neha Rani, Aalia S Bano, Ujjwal Neogi, V G Ramachandran# and Akhil C
Banerjea*
Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology,
JNU Campus,
@
#
^Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of
Medical Sciences,
Received 05 September
2007; revised 28 April 2008
A multitude of host and viral factors play critical role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and its subsequent progression to AIDS. Various host factors involved in HIV-1 infection include the chemokine receptors CCR5, CX3CR1, their ligands, RANTES, SDF-1 and cytokines like IL-10, IL-4, among others. The CCR5∆32 allele is the most important genetic factor known to confer resistance to HIV-1 infection. However, other mutations in CCR5, CX3CR1 and SDF-1 have also been identified in Indian population. Polymorphisms in DC-SIGN, MHC class-I and II molecules are also known to affect HIV-1 progression. These polymorphisms can be utilized as genetic markers for evaluating disease progression and developing effective therapeutics. The review also describes the development of anti-viral therapy, involving the use of catalytic nucleic acids like DNA-enzymes and ribozymes and the expression of ribozymes and si-RNA using lentiviral vectors for stem cell based anti-HIV therapy.
Keywords: HIV-1, CCR5, Polymorphisms, Chemokine receptors, DNA-enzyme, Ribozyme, siRNA, Lentiviral vectors
* E-mail: akhil@nii.res.in; akhil_banerjea@yahoo.com
Indian
Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp. 149-156
Protein translocation pathways across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes
Jaspreet Kaur and Gautam Kaul*
Department of Animal Biochemistry, National
Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001,
Received 29 June 2007; revised 02 May 2008
Mitochondria import different proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytosol. Separate translocases in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes like TOM, TIM23, TOB/SAM, TIM22 complex facilitate recognition, import and intramitochondrial sorting of preproteins. Various cytosolic factors as Hsp70 and auxillary factors assist in targeting these preproteins to their destinations. Also, different protein components in the matrix participate in this energetically driven translocation process in a reaction that depends upon membrane potential and matrix-ATP. This review summarizes the present knowledge on import and sorting of mitochondrial precursor proteins with glance on unresolved questions.
Keywords: Mitochondria, Translocation, Membrane potential, ATP hydrolysis.
*E-mail:
gkndri@gmail.com
PAPERS
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp. 157-165
Thermodynamic properties of the Calvin cycle and pentose phosphate pathway
1Faculty of Technology, 2 Faculty of Science, and 3 Faculty of Agriculture,
Received 17 September 2007; revised 28 April 2008
The enzymes of the Calvin cycle and pentose phosphate pathway
operate in close conjunction with enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
The last two metabolic routes are thermodynamically well characterized, but the
former two are not. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of the 19
enzymatic reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle,
under standard conditions were calculated in the form of standard transformed
reaction Gibbs energies at pH 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, 25oC and
ionic strength
Keywords: Calvin cycle; Pentose phosphate pathway; Gibbs free energy.
*E-mail: jkandrac@polj.ns.ac.yu
Indian Journal of
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
45, June 2008, pp. 166-173
DNA aggregation by an archaeal DNA binding protein Sac10b and its novel DNA nicking activity
Jaya S Koti+, Sreenivas Kanugula# and Tangirala Suryanarayana*
Department of
Biochemistry,
Received 18 June 2007; revised 31 January 2008
The solution structure of an archaeal DNA binding protein
Sac10b (DBNP-B) by cross-linking with formaldehyde and its interaction with DNA
were studied. Results indicated that Sac10b existed as oligomeric structure in
solution and the oligomerization was greatly stimulated by Mg2+ ions
and elevated temperatures. In light of our earlier observation that Sac10b
interacts with DNA forming different types of complexes with DNA at different
protein concentrations, its DNA-binding properties were also studied. Results
demonstrated that the protein formed rapidly sedimentable
co-aggregation complexes with both native and denatured DNA in a protein
concentration-dependent manner. These protein DNA complexes were fluid-like
crystalline material at a protein DNA ratio (3-6:1 w/w). Gel mobility shift
assays carried out to study the interaction of the protein with plasmid DNA
indicated possible DNA nicking by the protein. The DNA nicking activity of
Sac10b was optimal in pH range of
7-8.5 and was dependent on Mg2+ ions. It was maximal at protein to
DNA ratio of (8:1, w/w) and very little activity was observed above and below
this ratio. Nicking of DNA at this ratio indicated structure-specific DNA
nicking by the protein. The protein might have important multi-functional role
in the DNA metabolism in this organism.
Keywords: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Sac10b, DNA aggregation, DNA nicking
*E-mail: tssl@uohyd.ernet.in
Indian Journal of
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp. 174-178
Pichia pastoris INO1 gene expression affects intracellular maltase activity and MAL1+ gene expression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Zhengming Chi*, Jing Li, Lin Wang, Susu He and Xianghong Wang
UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No.5, Qingdao 266003, China.
Received 29 May 2007; revised 28 April 2008
In our previous study, we found that the transformant Sch.p944 which contains the
plasmid pADH-INO synthesized higher inositol than the transformant Sch.p1025
which contains the plasmid pSPIN-
Keywords: MAL1+ gene expression, Maltase activity, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, phosphatidylinositol, Glucose repression
*E-mail: zhenming@sdu.edu.cn
Indian Journal of
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
45, June 2008, pp. 179-183
Myeloperoxidase activity in infection complicated and uninfected diabetic patients
T V Suchithra and K F Zuhara*
Department of Life Sciences,
Received 30 October 2007; revised 31 March 2008
The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the blood and tissue neutrophils of three groups viz., Group I: patients of diabetes mellitus (DM) without infection and related complications; Group II: patients of DM with infections and related complications, and Group III: non-diabetic normal persons as control subjects was estimated to find out the influence of the MPO status on the occurrence of diabetes and also on the infection and related complications found in some of these patients. Group III category showed the highest blood MPO compared to the two diabetic groups (P<0.001). Group II patients exhibited higher MPO activity than group I (P<0.001). The study revealed that increase in MPO in group II was achieved both by increased production of the enzyme at cellular level and also of leukocytes in the system. Estimation of MPO in infected tissue was performed in group II in relation to the histological features and compared with group III, as an index of neutrophil infiltration to the infected sites. Tissue MPO was found higher in group II than group III subjects. Histological analysis revealed that the elevated MPO in infected cases was due to the increased neutrophil infiltration to the infected site. Blood sugar status, diabetic management measures, wound healing ability etc. of diabetic patients was also studied in relation to MPO. MPO activity was higher in normal subjects having normal sugar. In group II, MPO was low in the uncontrolled sugar group compared to the controlled, and in group I vice versa. Insulin-treated diabetic patients showed higher MPO activity than drug-treated and combined therapy groups. Also, patients with healing impairment showed comparatively high MPO activity.
Keywords: Myeloperoxidase, Diabetes mellitus
*E-mail: lifescienceshd@gmail.com
Indian Journal of Biochemistry &
Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp. 184-191
Inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde on the activity of phenoloxidase from Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera) larvae
Chao-Bin Xue1, Wan-Chun Luo1*, Qing-Xi Chen2, De-Ying Ma3 and Qin Wang2
1College
of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application
Technique,
2The key
Lab of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering,
3College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang Urumqi 830052, P. R. China
Received 15 May 2007; revised 23 April 2008
Phenoloxidase
(PO) is a key enzyme in insect development, responsible for catalyzing the
hydroxylation of tyrosine into o-diphenols
and oxidation of o-diphenols
into o-quinones. In the present
study, the kinetic assay for
2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2-HBD) on the monophenolase and diphenolase activities
of
Keywords: Phenoloxidase,
Inhibition kinetics, 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Monophenolase, Diphenolase, Pieris rapae (L.)
*E mail: wcluo@sdau.edu.cn
Indian
Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
45, June 2008, pp 192-197
Porcine pancreas lipase catalyzed synthesis of lauryl laurate in organic solvent media: A kinetic study
Sumbita Gogoia, M G Pathakb,
A Duttac and N
aChemical Engineering Division,
bAnalytical
Chemistry Division, North-East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785
006,
cDepartment
of Chemistry,
Received 01 October 2007; revised 08 April 2008
The esterification of lauric acid with lauryl alcohol was studied using lipase from Porcine pancreas, with particular emphasis on the effect of the pertinent variables and kinetic aspects of the reaction. The reaction was studied in eight different solvents having hydrophobicity (the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient, log P) values ranging from 0.6 to 3.5 with constant water content in the reaction mixture and n-hexane was the most suitable solvent. The initial rates of the reaction were attempted to correlate with solvent properties and a significant good correlation was obtained with solvent hydrophobicity (log P) and water solubility (log Sw). The kinetics of the esterification reaction conformed to the so-called Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism with alcohol inhibition.
Keywords: Porcine pancreas lipase, Lauryl laurate, Kinetics, Mechanism, Ping-Pong Bi-Bi
*E-mail:
sumbita_gogoi@yahoo.co.in
Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol. 45, June 2008, pp. 198-205
QSAR study of lipid peroxidation-inhibition potential of some phenolic antioxidants
Supratim Ray, Kakali De, Chandana Sengupta and
Kunal
Drug Theoretics & Cheminformatics Lab, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
Received 15 May 2007; revised 15 April 2008
QSAR models have been developed for lipid peroxidation (LPO)-inhibition potential of a series of phenolic compounds in phosphate-buffered and pre-emulsified linoleic acid systems using the descriptors such as topological indices, topological charge indices and quantum chemical descriptors. In both model systems, a considerably large number (131) of descriptors have been used. The subsequent variable selection is made using standard techniques like stepwise regression and multiple linear regression (MLR) with factor analysis (FA) as the data-preprocessing step for variable selection (FA-MLR). The best equation is obtained from FA-MLR (R2 = 0.950, Q2 = 0.914) for the first system, and from stepwise regression analysis (R2 = 0.960, Q2 = 0.949) for the second system. The results reveal that bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and maximal electrotopological positive variation (MAXDP) have negative contributions to the LPO-inhibition activity. The best equations satisfy the Fmax criteria suggested by Livingstone and Salt (2005). The derived equations may be helpful in designing novel phenolic antioxidants.
Keywords: QSAR, LPO-inhibition potency, Phenolic antioxidants, FA-MLR, Stepwise analysis
*E-mail:
kunalroy_in@yahoo.com;
URL:http://www.geocities.com/kunalroy_in
NOTES
Indian Journal of Biochemistry &
Biophysics
Vol. 45, June
2008, pp. 206-208
Hepatoprotective effect of vitamin C on sodium nitrite-induced lipid
peroxidation in albino rats
P Krishnamoorthy and M Sangeetha*
Department of
Zoology,
Thanjavur 613005, Tamil
*Department of Biotechnology, J. J. College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai-622 404 Tamil Nadu
Received 20 September 2007; revised 18 March 2008
The possible protective role of vitamin C on liver antioxidant enzymes of albino rats in sodium nitrite induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) was investigated. Sodium nitrite and vitamin C were administered orally through intragastric tube. Sodium nitrite (300 mg/kg body wt.) significantly increased the LPO and the activities of liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level in LPO-induced rats; the remarkable changes in the enzyme activities was due to hepatotoxicity of nitrite. The vitamin C (300 mg/kg body wt.) significantly decreased the LPO level and the activities of liver enzymes and increased antioxidant enzymes activities, thus exerts ameliorating effect on sodium nitrite-induced lipid peroxidation.
Keywords: Sodium nitrite, Vitamin C, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant, Marker enzymes.
*E-mail: pkmoorthy68@rediffmail.com
Indian
Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics
Vol.
45, June 2008, pp 209-211
Alterations in immunoglobulins and cytokine levels in blood of
malathion poisoning cases
Vandana
Seth1, B D Banerjee2*, Rafat S Ahmed2,
A Bhattacharya3 and S T Pasha4
1Medical Toxicology Division, Central Insecticides Lab, Directorate of Plant
Protection, Quarantine & Storage,
Ministry of Agriculture, NH IV, Faridabad 121 001, Haryana
2Environmental Biochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, and 3Anesthesiology,
University College of Medical Sciences and G.T.B. Hospital, University of
Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110 095, India
4Department of Biochemistry
and Biotechnology, National Institute of Communicable Diseases,
Received
28 September 2007 ; revised 19 April 2008
The excessive exposure and use of malathion, an
organophosphate pesticide, has lead to deleterious effects on human health.
Chronic exposure to organophosphates has been shown to suppress immune system
in experimental animals. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the
immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE and IgA) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ
and TNF-α) levels in blood of malathion poisoning cases, admitted in Guru
Teg Bahadur Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India. All
the seriously ill patients of malathion poisoning showed significant levels of
residue (503-702 mg/L). While no significant changes were found in Igs levels
in blood of malathion poisoning cases, there was a significant increase in
IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α levels in blood of malathion poisoning cases, and
significant decrease in IFN-γ level, as compared to normal subjects. This
study demonstrated altered levels of cytokines and interleukins in serum in
response to malathion exposure.
Keywords: Malathion,
Cytokines, Interleukins, Immunoglobulins, Pesticides
*E-mail: banerjeebd@hotmail.com