Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
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VOLUME 15 |
NUMBER 1 |
JANUARY 2008 |
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CODEN:ICHTEU |
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ISSN:0971-457X |
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CONTENTS
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Papers |
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Photochemical
treatment of rhodamine-B wastewater by photo-Fenton
reagent |
7 |
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Anil Kumar, Mukesh
Paliwal, Rameshwer Ameta & Suresh C Ameta |
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Adsorption
of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by chemically treated water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes |
12 |
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Adsorption
of Fe(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) ions onto a low cost activated carbon:
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies |
19 |
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Influence
of condensation product on electrodeposition of Zn-
Mn alloy on steel |
29 |
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Acetylation of anisole on TPA/ZrO2 |
36 |
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Combustion
synthesis of LiMn2O4 by thermal decomposition of
oxalate precursors |
41 |
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Arunkumar Lagashetty, Vijayanand Havanoor, |
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Preparation
of semi-refined K-carrageenan: Recycling of alkali
solution and recovery of alkali from spent liquor |
45 |
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A |
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Application
of ANN for prediction of cellulase and xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei under SSF condition |
53 |
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Aruna Singh,
Divya Tatewar, P |
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Spectrophotometric determination of artemisinin
and dihydroartemisinin |
59 |
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Radiation
effects on MHD flow past an impulsively started infinite isothermal vertical
plate |
63 |
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Notes |
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Influence
of formic acid addition on the electrochemical behaviour
of mild steel in glacial acetic acid |
68 |
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Synthesis
of physiologically important quinoxaline
derivatives using conventional method and microwave irradiation |
72 |
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G Bhattacharjee,
S M Sondhi, Monica Dinodia
& Sushanta K Mishra |
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Esterification of carboxylic acids by acid activated Kaolinite
clay |
75 |
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|
|
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Solvent
extraction and spectrophotometric determination of
copper(II) with 2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenoneisonicotinoylhydrazone (HMAINH) |
79 |
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|
|
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Electrodeposition of nickel from dimethyl
sulphoxide bath: Effect of nucleoside |
82 |
|
Ashutosh K
Gupta, H K Srivastava, Jyotsna
Singh, Priyanka Srivastava
& Rahul Kashyap |
|
|
Prediction
of minimum slugging velocity, bubbling bed index and range of bubbling fluidization
in cylindrical and non-cylindrical gas-solid fluidized beds |
85 |
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Author Index |
91 |
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Keyword
Index |
92 |
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Guidelines
for Authors |
93 |
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 7-11
Photochemical treatment of rhodamine-B wastewater by photo-Fenton reagent
Anil Kumar, Mukesh Paliwal, Rameshwer Ameta & Suresh C Ameta*
Oxidation by
photo-Fenton like reaction is an economically feasible process for degradation
of a variety of hazardous pollutants in wastewater from dyeing and printing
industries. Oxidation of rhodamine-B, (an acid dye of
xanthene series) using photo-Fenton reagent has been
carried out under ambient conditions. The effect of different parameters like
the concentration of ferric ion, rhodamine-B, pH, hydrogen peroxide, light intensity
etc. on the reaction rate has been observed. A tentative mechanism for the
degradation of rhodamine-B by photo-Fenton’s reaction
has been proposed.
Keywords: Photochemical degradation,
Photo-Fenton, Rhodamine-B, AOPs
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 12-18
Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions by chemically treated Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
Sujana M Gude*&
S
The adsorption
potential of water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes for the removal of Cr(VI)
from aqueous solutions has been stidied. The
influence of various parameters including contact time, temperature, solution pH, initial adsorbate
and adsorbent concentrations and effect of competing anions were studied.
Results obtained indicate that the treated weed Eichhornia crassipes has remarkable adsorption
capacity for Cr(VI) at pH below 4. The rate of adsorption was rapid and equilibrium
attained within 2 h. The method followed first order kinetics. The adsorption
process does exhibit a Langmuir type behaviour which
is affected by the temperature. The maximum Cr(VI)
removal was found to be 7.5 mg/g of dry weight weed at pH of
Keywords: Adsorption, Water hyacinth, Cr(VI)
removal, Mine water
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 19-28
Adsorption of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions onto a low cost activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Batch sorption system using activated carbon from Aegle marmelos fruits source as an adsorbent was investigated to remove Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The system variables studied include initial concentration of the sorbate, agitation time, adsorbent dose, pH, co-ions and temperature. The experimental data fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as DH°, DS° and DG° indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous, endothermic and a physical process. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption is of first order. A two staged mechanism has been proposed for the adsorption of metal ions onto the adsorbent. FT-IR and SEM patterns of the adsorbent were used to understand the mechanism of the adsorption process. The order of adsorption of the metal ions was found to be Fe(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Co(II) which is in agreement with the intra-particle diffusion studies.
Keywords: Adsorption, Activated
carbon, Aegle marmelos, Kinteics, Metal ions
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 29-35
Influence of condensation product on electrodeposition of Zn-Mn alloy on steel
Electrodeposition of zinc-manganese alloy was attempted from sulphate bath containing
condensation product (CP) of furfuraldehyde (FRL) and
L-lysine monohydrochloride (LL). The effect of bath
constituents, pH, current density and
temperature on nature of deposit was studied through
Keywords: Brightener, Condensation
product, Electrodeposition, Sulphate
solution
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 36-40
Acetylation of anisole on TPA/ZrO2
R Sakthivel*&
Zirconia loaded with 5 - 20wt% of tungstophosphoric
acid (TPA) were prepared by suspending solid hydrous zirconia
in methanolic TPA solution followed by evaporation of
methanol and calcination at 400°C for 4 h. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoacoustic FTIR spectroscopy, and NH3-TPD.
XRD results show the formation of single tetragonal phase of ZrO2
only for the sample loaded with 5wt% of TPA (5-TPA/ZrO2), whereas
the samples loaded with 10, 15 and 20wt% of TPA show two separate phases; cubic
phase of hydrogen tungsten phosphate hydrate and tetragonal phase of ZrO2.
The photoacoustic FTIR-spectra of pyridine
chemisorbed catalysts show the existence of both BrØnsted
(BC) and Lewis (LC) acid sites. The intensity of BrØnsted
acid sites band (at
Keywords: TPA: 12-tungstophosphoric
acid, B/L ratio, BrØnsted acid sites
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 41-44
Combustion synthesis of LiMn2O4 by thermal decomposition of oxalate precursors
Arunkumar Lagashetty*,
Vijayanand Havanoor,
Self-propagating low temperature combustion method for the synthesis of LiMn2O4 is reported. Synthesis of LiMn2O4 was carried out by thermal decomposition of lithium oxalate and manganese oxalate precursors employing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a fuel. The prepared LiMn2O4 was then characterized for structure by employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size and shape by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and bonding by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral studies. The powders resulting from this method are pure, spinel-structure LiMn2O4 particles of regular shapes.
Keywords: Combustion, Synthesis, Morphology, Bonding
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 45-52
Preparation of semi-refined k-carrageenan:
Recycling of alkali solution and recovery of alkali from spent liquor
A
The data on the
preparation of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) from Hypnea musciformis
and Eucheuma cottonii from
the Indian sea coast are presented in the article. Improvements in the process
of preparation of SRC such as: reduction in usage of water, reduction in soaking
time of seaweed, increase in throughput, reuse of alkali, minimization of waste
and regeneration of good quality KOH from spent liquor are achieved. Results
obtained on lab scale (
Keywords: Semi-refined carrageenan,
Hypnea musciformis,
Eucheuma cottonii,
Polysaccharide, BOD and COD
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 53-58
Application of ANN for prediction of cellulase and xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei under SSF condition
Aruna Singh, Divya
Tatewar, P
Solid state fermentation is a bioconversion process that involves treatment of biodegradable solid substrate with microorganisms. This technique is widely applied for biotransformation of agricultural waste into industrial enzymes, organic solvents and other biochemicals. It is characterized by the presence of moisture, sufficient to solubilize the nutrients, but avoids leaching and operates at water activity (aw) of 0.85. On account of difference in water binding capacity of different substrates, optimum moisture level needs to be established for various combination of substrates, which involves extensive laborious experimental work. Present investigations were carried out to study the application of Artificial Neural Network as a tool for predicting cellulase and xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei as a function of bagasse content and moisture level in comparison to wheat bran medium. A correlation coefficient > 0.8 and root mean square error < 0.4 indicates ANN as a good prediction tool for such complex biological process.
Keywords: Solid state fermentation, Artificial
neural network, Enzyme activity, Water binding capacity, Optimization
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 59-62
Spectrophotometric determination of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin
T V Sreevidya &
B Narayana*
A simple and rapid spectrophotometric
method for the determination of artemisinin (ART) and
dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is described. The method is
based on the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated
by the cleavage of endoperoxide linkage of ART/DHA
and its reaction with potassium iodide to liberate iodine. The liberated iodine
bleaches the red coloured safranin O to colourless
species and is measured at 521 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 16-112
µg mL-1 for both ART and DHA. The molar absorptivity,
Sandell’s sensitivity, detection limit and quantitation limit for ART were found to be 0.3401´104 Lmol-1cm-1, 1.43 ´ 10-2 µg cm-2, 0.0685 µg mL-1 and
0.2075 µg mL-1 respectively; while that for DHA were found to be
0.2891 ´
Keywords: Spectrophotometry,
Artemisinin (ART), Dihydroartemisinin
(DHA), Safranin O
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 63-67
Radiation effects on MHD flow past an impulsively started infinite isothermal vertical plate
MHD (Magneto hydrodynamics) flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical isothermal plate in the presence of thermal radiation is studied here. The fluid considered is a gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. It is observed that for an increase in radiation parameter N, there is a fall in the velocity or temperature.
Keywords: Impulsively started vertical plate, Radiation, Magnetic
field
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 68-71
Influence of formic acid addition on the electrochemical behaviour of mild steel in glacial acetic acid
S K Singh, A K Mukherjee & M M Singh*
Electrochemical behaviour of mild steel in pure glacial acetic acid
and contaminated with formic acid at different temperatures has been
investigated and discussed in the present communication. Anodic and cathodic polarization behaviour have
been studied using potentiostatic technique. Anodic
polarization behaviour of mild steel in glacial acetic acid and in presence of
different amounts of formic acid showed active behaviour in the whole range of
the applied potential. On the addition of
Keywords: Mild steel, Acetic acid,
Formic acid, Passivity, Corrosion
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 72-74
Synthesis of physiologically important quinoxaline derivatives using conventional method and microwave irradiation
G Bhattacharjee*, S M Sondhi, Monica Dinodia & Sushanta K Mishra
Quinoxaline derivatives are pharmacologically active and are very useful. A number of quinoxaline derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-chloroquinoxaline with various substituted amines in the presence of pyridine. The reactions have been carried out following conventional procedure and also under microwave irradiation.
Keywords: Synthesis, Quinoxaline, Microwave irradiation
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 75-78
Esterification of carboxylic acids by acid activated Kaolinite clay
Dilip Konwar*,
Pradip K Gogoi, Pranjal Gogoi, Geetika Borah, Ruby Baruah, Neelakshi Hazarika &
Rituraj Borgohain
Esterification of carboxylic acid was carried out by using acid activated kaolinite clay. This heterogeneous catalyst, activated Kaolinite clay has been found to be a mild solid catalyst for the esterification of carboxylic acid in good yields. The catalyst is recoverable and can be recycled after activation.
Keywords: Carboxylic acid, Alcohols, Kaolinite, Esterification
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 79-81
Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric
determination of copper(II) with
2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenoneisonicotinoylhydrazone (HMAINH)
A
A new simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper (II) with reagent 2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenoneisonicotinoylhydrazone (HMAINH) has been presented in this paper. The reagent HMAINH reacts with Cu (II) to give a yellow coloured complex, which can be quantitatively extracted into chloroform at 3.4 pH. The complex shows absorption maximum at 440 nm, where absorption due to reagent is negligible. The Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.5 - 4.0 ppm of Cu (II). The molar absorpitivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of extracted species are 9.340 ´ 103 dm3 mol-1cm-1 and 6.8 hg cm-2 respectively. The stoichiometry of the extracted species is found to be 1:1. The standard deviation is 0.0566. The effect of various diverse ions on the estimation of Cu (II) has been studied.
Keywords: HMAINH, Extraction, Copper
determination, Spectrophotometry
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 82-84
Electrodeposition of nickel from dimethyl sulphoxide bath: Effect of nucleoside
Ashutosh K Gupta*, H K Srivastava, Jyotsna Singh, Priyanka Srivastava & Rahul Kashyap
Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) may act as a potent medium for electrodeposition of Ni in presence of nucleosides. Totally
bright electroplate may result from NiAc+NiSO4+NiSMT/DMSO bath in
presence of trace amount of nucleoside (ribocytine/deoxycitidine).
Too many coordinating centers of nucleoside
facilitate the release of Ni from [Ni(DMSO)6]3+
complex in the vicinity of catholite causing outwardly
growth more dominant than lateral growth, resulting in bright, adherent, Ni electrodeposite.
Keywords: Nickel
electrodeposits, Nucleosides, Additive, DMSO bath
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
15, January 2008, pp. 85-89
Prediction of minimum slugging velocity, bubbling bed index and range of bubbling fluidization in cylindrical and non-cylindrical gas-solid fluidized beds
R K Singh* & G K
A bubbling fluidization regime exists between the minimum bubbling velocity and the minimum slugging velocity. Experimental investigations have been carried out for the determination of the minimum slugging velocity and the range of bubbling fluidization for non-spherical particles in cylindrical and non-cylindrical beds. In the present paper, correlations have been developed for the prediction of minimum slugging velocity for gas-solid fluidization in cylindrical and non-cylindrical (viz. semi-cylindrical, hexagonal and square) beds for non-spherical particles fluidized by air at ambient conditions. The bed materials used have varied diameter (324 to 925 micron) and density (1500 to 4800 kg/m3). Experimental values of the minimum slugging velocity have been compared with the values calculated by the developed equations and also with the values calculated by Geldart’s equation. A fairly good agreement has been obtained between the calculated and the experimental values. Based on the experimental data, it is concluded that, under similar operating conditions minimum slugging velocity and minimum bubbling velocity are maximum in case of a semi-cylindrical conduit and minimum in case of a square one. It is further observed that the range of bubbling fluidization is maximum in case of a semi-cylindrical bed for the identical operating conditions.
Keywords: Minimum slugging velocity,
Bubbling bed index, Range of bubbling fluidization, Non-cylindrical beds