Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
http://www.niscair.res.in; http://nopr.niscair.res.in
VOLUME 16 |
NUMBER 4 |
JULY 2009 |
CODEN:ICHTEU |
ISSN:0971-457X |
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CONTENTS
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Papers |
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Adsorption
behaviour of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) on NALCO plant sand |
291 |
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Packed
bed column studies for the removal of Acid blue 92 and Basic red 29 |
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using
non-conventional adsorbent |
301 |
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Utilization
of Erythrina variegata
orientalis leaf powder for the removal of |
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cadmium
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308 |
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P Rohini
Kumar, M Venkateswara Rao,
N Chitti Babu, P V
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Enzymatic
synthesis of fructose ester from mango kernel fat |
317 |
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Mn
recovery from medium grade ore using a waste cellulosic
reductant |
322 |
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Corrosion
inhibition and biocidal activity of a cationic
surfactant |
328 |
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P Shanthy, P
Rengan, A Thamarai Chelvan, K Rathika &
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Corrosion
inhibition of 304 stainless steel in sodium chloride by ciprofloxacin |
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and
norfloxacin |
334 |
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Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide as corrosion inhibitor for mild
steel in |
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acidic
medium |
339 |
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Reversed
phase thin layer chromatography of five co-administered drugs with |
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surfactant
modified solvent systems |
344 |
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Second
derivative spectrophotometry for simultaneous
determination of |
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|
iron
(II) and copper (II) using 2-ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone |
351 |
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Notes |
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Preparation
of reusable enzyme strips using alkylamine and arylamine |
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glass
beads affixed on plastic strips for urea determination |
357 |
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Removal
of fluoride from low TDS water using low grade coal |
361 |
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Author Index |
365 |
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Keyword Index |
366 |
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Guidelines for
Authors |
367 |
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 291-300
Adsorption behaviour of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) on NALCO plant sand
M Mohapatra1*, S Khatun2 &
1Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
(IMMT),
2Indian
Email: mamatamohapatra@yahoo.com
Present investigation evaluates the adsorption
of Pb(II),
Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions on plant sand of National Aluminum Company,
Keywords: Plant
sand, Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetics, Heavy metal ions, XRD
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 301-307
Packed bed column studies for the removal of Acid blue 92 and
Basic red 29 using non-conventional adsorbent
P Sivakumar* & P
N Palanisamy
Department of Chemistry,
Email: shivagobi@yahoo.com
The adsorptive
removal of Acid blue 92 and Basic red 29 dyes was achieved using a packed
column prepared by Euphorbia antiquorum L activated carbon. The effects of various
factors like influent concentration, flow rate and bed height were analysed. The column experiments using Euphorbia antiquorum L activated carbon showed that adsorption
efficiency increases with increase in the influent concentration and bed depth
and decreases with increasing flow rate. Column adsorption performance
was evaluated using Thomas and Yoon-Nelson kinetic models. The adsorption
capacity calculated by Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were compared with the
experimental adsorption capacity. The Yoon-Nelson model describes the
adsorption behaviour of the selected adsorbent-adsorbate
system more reasonably than Thomas model and Basic red 29 adsorption behaviour
fits exceptionally well with the Yoon-Nelson model.
Keywords: Fixed bed column, Activated
carbon, Adsorption, Euphorbia antiquorum L, Acid blue 92, Basic red 29
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 308-316
Utilization of Erythrina variegata orientalis leaf powder for the removal of cadmium
1Department
of Chemical Engineering, RVR & JC
2Department
of Chemical Engineering,
Email: pvlu9@rediffmail.com
Removal of cadmium, a priority pollutant, is carried out by abundantly and freely available Erythrina variegata orientalis (Indian coral tree) leaf powder. The extent of removal depends on initial concentration of cadmium in the solution, pH of the solution, temperature, etc. A significant increase in percentage removal of cadmium is observed as pH is increased from 2 to 4. The percentage removal of cadmium increases marginally for pH of 4 to 7. As the initial concentration of cadmium is increased from 23 to 188 mg/L, the % removal is decreased from 98.8 to 86.1%. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models well describe the data indicating favourable biosorption. The biosorption is endothermic, irreversible and follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, and rate constant is 0.23 g/(mg-min) for a dosage of 40 g/L. The equilibrium agitation time is 50 min.
Keywords: Biosorption,
Cadmium, Erythrina variegata
orientalis, Thermodynamics
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 317-321
Enzymatic synthesis of fructose ester from mango kernel fat
P P Dandekar
& V B Patravale*
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology,
N.P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019,
Email: vbp_muict@yahoo.co.in
Fructose ester as a biosurfactant was successfully synthesized from the fatty acid fraction (olein fraction) of Mango Kernel Fat (MKF). The synthesis was carried out by reaction of sugar and fatty acid fraction in presence of the enzyme lipase from Candida rugosa which acted as a biocatalyst. Phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was used as the reaction medium to realise maximum enzymatic action. The product was separated from the reaction medium by liquid- liquid extraction. Maximum conversion (36.52 %) was achieved at fructose to olein fraction molar ratio of 1 : 10 (mol/L), with the lipase concentration of 4g/L, at a temperature of 30oC at the end of 3 days. The presence of an ester band in the synthesized ester was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Identity of the product was further confirmed by NMR studies and a colour identity test for the ester group.
Keywords: Biosurfactant, Fructose
ester, Mangifera indica, Mango kernel fat (MKF), Candida rugosa
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 322-327
Mn recovery from medium grade ore using a waste
cellulosic reductant
D Hariprasad, B Dash, M K Ghosh* &
Email: m_k_ghosh@yahoo.com
Medium grade siliceous manganese ore
containing 38.22% Mn was leached in sulphuric acid
medium using shredded newspaper as reducing agent. Objective of the present
study was to investigate the effectiveness of ligno-cellulosic
base wastes such as used newspaper as a reducing agent. The experimental
parameters chosen for this study were: H2SO4
concentration (2-5% v/v), temperature (60-900C), reductant to ore ratio (0.4-1) and ore particle size (57 –
274 µm). Optimum conditions for >90% extraction were: 900C, 5% H2SO4
(v/v), reductant
to ore ratio 0.5, 8 h, 10% pulp density and ore particle size -100 µm.
Newspaper was found to be equally effective as a reducing agent for low grade
ore (15.83% Mn) also wherein the amount of reductant and acid needed were proportional to Mn content of the ore.
The leach solution was enriched to
87 g/L by recycling process. The enriched solution was purified by pH adjustment to 4.7 using 20% lime
slurry. MnSO4.H2O was crystallized from purified
solution. A schematic flow-sheet has been included.
Keywords: Manganese ore,
Leaching, Cellulosic reductant,
Waste newspaper
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 328-333
Corrosion inhibition and biocidal activity of a cationic surfactant
P Shanthya, P Rengana, A Thamarai Chelvanb, K Rathikac &
aDepartment
of Chemistry,
bPG
and Research Department of Chemistry,
cCorrosion
Research Centre, PG and Research Department of
Chemistry,
Email: srmjoany@sify.com
The inhibition efficiency (IE) of CTAB - Zn2+ system in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in well water has been evaluated by weight loss method. Enumeration of microorganisms from well water and biocidal efficiency of inhibitor system (CTAB-Zn2+) were also determined by serial dilution technique and spread plate method. The formulation consisting of 200 ppm of CTAB and 5 ppm of Zn2+ shows an IE of 98%. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicate that the CTAB – Zn2+ system functions as anodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. FTIR spectra suggest that the protective film consists of Fe2+- CTAB complex and Zn(OH)2. The optimum concentration of CTAB for destroying the bacterias viz. E.coli, Salmonella and Shigella is ³ 25 ppm. At ³ 25 ppm of CTAB, it shows 100% biocidal efficiency in well water containing 5 ppm of Zn2+.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Carbon steel, Biocidal
activity, N-Cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl
ammonium bromide (CTAB), CTAB-Zn2+ system
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 334-338
Corrosion inhibition of 304 stainless steel in sodium chloride by ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin
R
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, R J College (
Ghatkopar (W), Mumbai 400
086,
Email:dubeyrps@rediffmail.com
Heterocyclic organic compounds namely ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were used as corrosion inhibitor for protection of 304 stainless steel in 1.5 percent NaCl solution. The inhibition effect of these compounds was investigated by using electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization. The results obtained reveal that these compounds are very good corrosion inhibitors and show their best performance at a concentration of 1800 ppb. Potentiodynamic curves indicate that these compounds are anodic type of inhibitors.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, 304 Stainless steel, Ciprofloxacin,
Norfloxacin, Potentiodynamic
polarization
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 339-343
Cetyl trimethylammonium
bromide as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel
in acidic medium
Mukta Sharma1*, Jyoti Chawla1 & Gurmeet Singh2
1Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, Career Institute of Technology and Management,
2Department
of Chemistry,
Email: muktapragya@gmail.com;
chem_jyoti@yahoo.com
The inhibitive
effect of cetyl
trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on acid corrosion of
mild steel in sulphuric acid at different temperatures has been investigated. Galvanostatic and potentiostatic
studies were performed to determine the
corrosion current, inhibition efficiency, passivation
current and passivation potential range. The
parameters so obtained were used to explain the effectiveness of inhibitor when
present in different concentrations. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM)
studies also help to understand the changes that take place on the surface
layer with respect to change in CTAB concentration. The extent of corrosion
inhibition has also been evaluated by comparing the micrographs obtained from
SEM. The results obtained are in direct agreement with the electrochemical
studies.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibitors,
Surfactants, Mild steel, Adsorption
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 344-350
Reversed phase thin layer chromatography of five co-administered drugs with surfactant modified solvent systems
Ali Mohammad*, Sudhanshu Sharma & Showkat Ahmad Bhawani
Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Engineering & Technology,
Email: mohammadali4u@rediffmail.com
The chromatography of five co-administered drugs i.e. paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium, aspirin and ascorbic acid was performed on various reversed phase layers. The surfactant mediated solvent systems were used with various impregnated silica gel H layers for the chromatography of these five drugs. The various experimental conditions were optimized for the selection of optimum concentration of impregnants. The mutual separation of a mixture of paracetamol, diclofenac sodium and ibuprofen; and paracetamol, aspirin and ascorbic acid are achieved on various impregnated silica gel H layers, using surfactant mediated solvent systems containing n-hexane: 1% CTAB in MeOH: ethyl acetate: acetic acid, (13:1:4:2, v/v) and toluene: 1% CTAB in MeOH: n-propanol: formic acid, (14:1:3:2, v/v) respectively.
Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, Paracetamol,
Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Ascorbic acid
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 351-356
Second derivative spectrophotometry
for simultaneous determination of
iron (II) and copper (II) using 2-ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone
L
Department of Chemical Sciences,
Cross River
Email: louattah@yahoo.com
A new chromophoric reagent, 2-ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone (KBAT) has been used for the simultaneous determination of iron, copper and vanadium. KBAT forms yellowish-green and blue complexes with iron (II) and copper (II) respectively at pH 6.5 and a yellow complex with vanadium (V) at pH 5.5. Calibration graphs for the individual determinations by second derivative spectrophotometry were obtained. The derivative amplitudes obeyed Beer’s law at 387.2 nm for copper (II), 440 nm for iron (II) and 400 nm for vanadium (V), in the concentration ranges 0.30-2.40, 0.20-2.280 and 0.25-2.56 mg mL-1 respectively. Zero crossing method using the second derivative mode at the selected wavelengths was employed in the simultaneous determinations. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination methods on known amounts of iron, copper, and vanadium in their binary mixtures were tested. The effects of foreign ions on the determinations of the metals were also studied. The recommended procedure was applied to the analysis of ferro-vanadium alloy, phosphor bronze, rice and groundnut.
Keywords: Derivative spectrophotometry,
Zero crossing, Iron, Copper, Vanadium, 2-Ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 357-360
Preparation of reusable enzyme strips using alkylamine and arylamine glass beads affixed on plastic strips for urea determination
Minakshi Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Jitender Kumar &
C
Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department
of Biochemistry & Genetics, M D University, Rohtak
124 001,
Email: pundircs@rediffmail.com
Reusable
strips of urease were prepared by covalently
immobilizing it onto alkyl and arylamine glass beads,
affixed on a plastic strip with a non-reactive adhesive. The immobilized urease retained its initial activity, prior to
immobilization about 56% on alkylamine and 33.3% on arylamine. Maximum activity of alkylamine
conjugated urease was attained at pH 6.5, 25°C
for 1 min, while arylamine conjugated urease showed maximum activity at pH 7.0, 40oC,
15 min. The Km for urea was 4.65 and
16.66 mM, for alkyl and arylamine
conjugated urease respectively. A method for
determination of serum urea developed using these strips is
based on measurement of NH3 generated with Nessler’s
reagent. The minimum detection limit permitted by
the method was 10 and 5 mg/dL using alkyl and arylamine conjugated urease,
respectively. Urea value in serum of healthy persons determined by this method, was in the range of 5-55 mg/dL
with a mean of 26 mg/dL. The recovery of added urea
was 82% for alkylamine and 85% for arylamine glass beads. A fair correlation (r=0.821) was
found between urea values obtained by the standard urease
kit and the present method. The alkylamine and arylamine conjugated urease
stored at 4°C in 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 were reused
100 and 90 times respectively, during the span of one month. The method offers
advantage of enormous ease in handling of immobilized urease.
Keywords: Urea, Urease,
Serum, Alkyl and arylamine glass, Immobilization
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, July 2009, pp. 361-363
Removal of fluoride from low TDS water using low grade coal
L Borah* & N C Dey
Analytical Chemistry Division, North East
Institute of Science & Technology,
Email: laxmi.bh@rediffmail.com;
ncdey49@yahoo.co.in
Defluoridation of ground water using low grade
Keywords: Defluoridation, Fluoride, Adsorption, Low
grade coal, Fluorosis