Indian Journal of Chemical Technology
http://www.niscair.res.in; htttp://nopr.niscair.res.in
Total visitors:1,695 since: 20
VOLUME
16
|
NUMBER 6
|
NOVEMBER 2009
|
CODEN: ICHTEU
|
|
ISSN: 0971-457X
|
CONTENTS
|
Papers |
|
|
|
|
|
Treatment of water contaminated with Pb(II) and Cd(II) by adsorption on kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid-activated forms |
457 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc chloride
activated coir pith carbon as low cost adsorbent for removal of |
471 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel 302 by 1-methyl-3-pyridine-2-Y1-thiourea in acidic media |
480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inhibiting effect of anisidines on corrosion of aluminium in hydrochloric acid |
486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solar assisted photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over synthesized copper, silver and tin metalloporphyrins |
492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of water proofing admixture on the hydration of Portland cement |
499 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tailoring of Guar gum for desert sand stabilization |
507 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of impurities on oxygen transfer rate in the electroflotation process |
513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Enhanced viability of Bacillus coagulans after spray drying with calcium lactate, storage and re-hydration |
519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alkoxygen and alkoxygen-AQ delignification of Ipomea carnea and Cannabis sativa |
523 |
|
Dharm Dutt, C H Tyagi, Swarnima Agnihotri, Alok Kumar & Siddhartha |
|
|
|
|
|
Acknowledgement |
529 |
|
|
|
|
Annual Author Index |
531 |
|
|
|
|
Annual Keyword Index |
533 |
|
|
|
Guidelines for Authors
|
537
|
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol. 16, November 2009, pp.
457-470
Treatment of water contaminated with Pb(II) and Cd(II) by adsorption on kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid-activated forms
Susmita Sen Gupta1 & Krishna G Bhattacharyya2*
1Department of
Chemistry, B N College, Dhubri 783324,
2Department of
Chemistry,
Email: krishna2604@sify.com
Received 27 January 2009; revised 4 June 2009
Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from spiked water samples by adsorption on clays was studied in this work as a model for water treatment. Kaolinite and montmorillonite were used as the clay adsorbents and they were further activated by treating with 0.25 M H2SO4. All the adsorbents were characterized with respect to surface area, cation exchange capacity and structural features as revealed with XRD and FTIR measurements. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process with the variation of initial concentration of metal ions, amount of clay, pH, time and temperature. The adsorption was favoured at higher pH. The clay-Pb(II) interactions attained equilibrium at 180 min, whereas clay-Cd(II) system required 240 min to reach the same. Both the systems follow second order kinetic model. Montmorillonite and its acid-treated form had better adsorption properties. The Langmuir monolayer capacity varied from 11.1 to 34.0 mg/g and from 9.9 to 33.2 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively depending on the clay. Pb(II) adsorbed exothermally while the processes were endothermic with Cd(II). Kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid activated forms have good potential for taking up Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous medium.
Keywords:
Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Acid-activated
clays, Adsorption, Cd(II), Pb(II)
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 471-479
Zinc chloride activated coir pith carbon as low cost adsorbent for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol: Equilibrium and kinetic studies
R Subha
& C Namasivayam*
Environmental Chemistry Division, Department of Environmental Sciences
Email: cnamasi@gmail.com
Received 6 January 2009; revised 14 September
2009
Activated carbon prepared from coir pith (ZnCPC) using ZnCl2 was investigated to find the feasibility of its application for removal of 2,4–dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution through adsorption process. Batch mode kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature. Lagergren, Second order, and Banghams were used to fit the experimental data. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models have been employed to analyse the adsorption equilibrium data. The Langmuir adsorption capacity, Qo, was found to be 131.6 mg/g of the adsorbent. The pH effect and desorption studies showed that ion exchange mechanism was involved in the adsorption process. Adsorption of 2,4-DCP by ZnCPC was spontaneous. The results indicated that ZnCPC was an effective adsorbent for removing 2,4-DCP from water.
Keywords: Coir pith, Activated carbon, 2,4-Dichlorophenol,
Kinetics, Equilibrium isotherm
Indian Journal of Chemical
Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 480-485
Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel 302 by 1-methyl-3-pyridine-
2-Yl–thiourea in acidic media
S M A Hosseini* & M Salari
Department of Chemistry,
Email:
s.m.a.hosseini @mail.uk.ac.ir
Received 17 March
2009; revised 14 September 2009
The corrosion inhibition of stainless steel type 302 (302 SS) with different concentrations (0.004-0.007 M) of 1-methyl-3-pyridine-2-Yl–thiourea (MPT) in acid solutions was investigated by potentiostatic polarization measurements. The effect of temperature (283-323±1 K) on corrosion parameters was examined. The open circuit potential values in the presence and absence of MPT noted before and after experiments indicated the formation of passive film on the surface of the samples. It was found that corrosion potential (Ecorr) increases with increasing MPT concentrations, while, corrosion current (icorr) decreases. Inhibition efficiency of MPT is slightly more in 1 M H2SO4 than in 1 M HCl. The inhibitor functions through adsorption and follows Temkin isotherm in both the acids. Activation energy (Ea) and Gibbs free energy (∆Gads) for adsorption of MPT are calculated. The values of ∆Gads decreased (attained more negative values) with increasing temperature.
Keywords: Corrosion, Stainless steel, MPT,
Polarization behaviour, Temkin
isotherm
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 486-491
Inhibiting effect of anisidines on corrosion of aluminium in hydrochloric acid
P
Department of Chemistry, Arts, Science and
Email: psdesai69@yahoo.co.in;
s_kapopara@yahoo.co.in
Received 16 March 2009; revised 25 June 2009
Anisidines (o-, m- and p-) were used as
corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in hydrochloric acid solution. The
inhibition efficiency depended on the concentration and type of the anisidine. The inhibition efficiency ranged between 76 and
93% at the highest concentration (
Keywords: Corrosion, Aluminium,
Hydrochloric acid, Anisidine
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 492-498
Solar assisted photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over
synthesized copper, silver and tin metalloporphyrins
S D Gokakakar1 & A V Salker*
Department of Chemistry,
Email: avsalker@gmail.com
Received 5 January 2009; revised 14 September 2009
The free base porphyrin, tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and metalloporphyrins of Cu, Ag and Sn were synthesized and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and Elemental analysis. The results are discussed in the light of magnetic susceptibility, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). These porphyrins showed interesting semiconducting behaviour and were employed for trapping solar radiations for photocatalytic degradation of the azo dye methyl orange at different pH conditions. This reaction was studied as a model reaction for finding the photoactivities of these compounds.
Keywords: Metalloporphyrins, Photocatalysts, Photodegradation,
Methyl orange, Organic semiconductors
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 499-506
Effect of water proofing admixture on the hydration of Portland cement
1Kryton,
Buildmat Company Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon
122 002,
2Department
of Chemistry, U.P. Autonomous College,
3Department
of Chemistry,
Email: dr_n_b_singh@rediffmail.com
Received 16 February
2009; revised 24 August 2009
Water seepage is a major problem in construction industries particularly when the buildings are constructed in the damped environment. A large number of waterproofing compounds containing hydrophobic groups are used. Majority of such compounds block the pores at the outer surface but do not affect the pores inside. Due to percolation of water inside, the outer surface is ruptured in due course of time. Because of this, number of harmful ions enter inside and make the structure weak and less durable. In order to overcome this problem the effect of a water proofing agent with a brand name KIM (KRYSTOL INTERNAL MEMBRANE) on the hydration of cement has been studied. It is found that KIM has a retarding effect during the hydration. In the presence of KIM the setting times are increased, non-evaporable water contents and free lime are decreased. Heat evolution profile and X-ray diffraction studies have shown the retarding effect of KIM during cement hydration. Water percolation and expansion in the corrosive atmospheres are reduced whereas the compressive strength at 28 days is increased. Based on the results of the study the overall mechanism of action of KIM as waterproofing material in cement and concrete is also discussed.
Keywords: Portland cement, Waterproofing, Krystol
internal membrane
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 507-512
Tailoring of Guar gum for desert sand stabilization
Satish Chandra Guptaa+,
K S Hoodab, N K Mathurc
&
aDefence
bDefence
Laboratory, DRDO Bhavan,
cJ
N V University,
Email:
satish_c_gupta@yahoo.com
Received 6 May 2008; revised 11 August 2009
A low viscosity grade guar gum has been
developed by two techniques i.e. gamma irradiation and H2O2
treatment. The desired viscosity is achieved by controlling the quantity of
hydrogen peroxide solution or the g-irradiation
dose. The viscosity of 1% guar gum was reduced from 3240 cps to 116 cps using
10% H2O2 solution (50% v/v) and from 3203
cps to 222 cps using 6 kGy g-irradiation dose. The reduced viscosity was stabilized by adding
0.5% solution of formaldehyde
(37% v/v) or by using 0.5% cobalt naphthenate.
The low viscosity grade guar gum powder and the solutions stabilized with
cobalt naphthenate or formaldehyde could be stored
for long periods without loss of viscosity. The reduced viscosity guar gum is
used for grouting stabilization of sand for construction works across desert.
Keywords: Guar gum, Viscosity, Grout, Stabilization of sand
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 513-518
Effects of impurities on oxygen transfer rate in the electroflotation process
M Kotti,
Laboratory of Water
– Environment and EnergySciences Faculty of Sfax, B.P.1171, 3000 Sfax -
Email: lassaadbenmansour@yahoo.fr
Received 22 December 2008;
revised 18 June 2009
In this work, three different
types of impurities: soybean oil, surfactant and diatomaceous earth were doped
to simulate the impurities in wastewaters issued from edible oil refinery
plant. The effects of the impurities on the oxygen transfer rate were
investigated in an electroflotation cell. The
volumetric mass transfer coefficient was studied for a batch mode
involving different values of the current density for different impurities
concentrations. The capacity of oxygenation and the corrective alpha factor
were also studied. Models which relate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient
to the current density and the concentration of the impurities were
established. The results showed that the presence of impurities significantly
reduce the volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLa.
Keywords: Electroflotation, Transfer of oxygen, Soyabean
oil, Surfactant
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 519-522
Enhanced viability of Bacillus
coagulans after spray drying with
calcium lactate, storage and re-hydration
A K Yadav, A B Chaudhari & R M Kothari*
*Jain Hi-Tech Agri Institute, Jain Irrigation Systems
Ltd., Jalgaon 425 001,
Email: ramanlal.kothari@bharatividyapeeth.edu
Received 27 December 2008; revised 31 July 2009
The present work has provided an alternative probiotic preparation, which is easily scalable for commercial operations in eco-friendly and cost-effective manner. Spray drying being a proven technology compared to convective current, infra-red exposure and lyophilization, it will make visible impact on production, sale and use of Bacillus coagulans as an effective probiotic preparation.
Keywords: Probiotics, Bacillus coagulans,
Calcium lactate as protectant, Spray
drying
Indian
Journal of Chemical Technology
Vol.
16, November 2009, pp. 523-528
Alkoxygen and alkoxygen-AQ delignification of Ipomea carnea and
Cannabis sativa
Dharm Dutt, C H Tyagi, Swarnima Agnihotri, Alok Kumar & Siddhartha*
Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee,
*National Institute of Fashion Technology,
Received 24 March 2009; revised 14 September 2009
Molecular oxygen is a specific oxidizing
agent for lignin but its low solubility in cooking liquor causes a serious
problem of mass transfer in a heterogeneous chemical pulping process with wood.
The anatomy of Ipomea carnea and Cannabis sativa
permit much easier diffusion and penetration of the molecular oxygen into the
reactive zones of fiber wall. The low lignin content
and more open and looser fiber structure of
C. sativa
and 46.1% at kappa number 27 for
Keywords: Ipomea carnea, Cannabis sativa,
Alkali-O2 delignification, Pulp