Indian
Journal of Experimental Biology
http://www.niscair.res.in; http://nopr.niscair.res.inTotal visitors: 967 since 21-07-09 |
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VOLUME 47
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NUMBER 8
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AUGUST 2009
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CODEN:
IJEB (A6) 47 (8) 611-694 (2009)
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ISSN: 0019-5189
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Review
Articles |
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Lifestyle factors in deteriorating male reproductive health |
615 |
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Role of different cytokines and seizure susceptibility: A new dimension
toward |
625 |
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Papers |
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Stem cell-like outgrowths from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts |
635 |
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Molluscicidal
activity of Piper cubeba
Linn., Piper longum Linn. and Tribulus
terrestris Linn. and their combinations against snail Indoplanorbis exustus Desh |
643 |
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Effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia
pinnata Linn seed on gastro-duodenal ulceration and mucosal offensive and
defensive factors in rats |
649 |
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T Prabha, M Dorababu,
Shalini Goel, P K Agarwal, A Singh, V K Joshi & R K Goel
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Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa
carandas Linn root extract against CCl4
and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative stress |
660 |
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Immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Achillea wilhemsii C. Koch in mice |
668 |
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Fariba Sharififar, Shirin
Pournourmohammadi & Moslem Arabnejad
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Sequence information, outogeny and tissue-specific expression of
complement component C3 in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita ( |
672 |
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Hybridization between threatened freshwater catfish Mystus gulio (Hamiltion & Buchanan) and Mystus
montanus (Jerdon) by artificial fertilization |
679 |
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M A Haniffa, M Dhanaraj, C
Muthu Ramakrishnan, R Arthi Manju, |
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Carborundum-dependent
entrance of EcoRI restriction
enzyme into plant cells and specific cleavage of genomic DNA |
684 |
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Comparative
biosorption of Pb2+ by live algal consortium and immobilized dead
biomass from aqueous solution |
690 |
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Second Louis Pasteur Memorial National
Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance and Drug Discovery |
614 |
Second Louis Pasteur Memorial National Symposium on
Antimicrobial Resistance and Drug Discovery
9–10 September 2009
Sponsored by the Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, and organized by the Department
of Microbiology, Dr N G P Arts & Science College, Coimbatore, the Symposium
will focus on (i) Antimicrobial Resistance (relentless rise of resistance, testing
and clinical use of antibiotics, laboratory issues, mechanism of antibacterial,
antifungal, antiprotozoan and antiviral resistance, and hospital and community
practice) and (ii) Drug Discovery (microbial drug production, synthesis and
biological evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents, screening and antimicrobials
of herbs, and standization of in vitro and in vivo procedures).
For further details, please contact the Organizing Secretary ((Mr N Prabhu), II
Louis Pasteur Memorial NSARDD-2009, Department of Microbiology, Dr N G P Arts
& Science College, Dr N G P – Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore 641 048, India.
Telephone: 0422-2629367, 2628944, 2627098;
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Indian Journal of Experimental Biology in Open Access Mode
The Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) is now an
open access journal in the repository, NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository
(NOPR) [http://nopr.niscair.res.in].
Full text of all articles published in IJEB from 2008 onwards
can now be accessed at NOPR in the open access mode. Papers in the current
issue shall be uploaded immediately. Papers published in earlier years shall be
added soon.
NOPR
is based on DSpace, a digital repository software, and allows document
browsing, document searching and various search options like title, author
name, keywords, year, issue, etc.
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Author Index |
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649 |
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635 |
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668 |
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615 |
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672 |
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635 |
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679 |
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649 |
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684 |
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649 |
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649 |
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690 |
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679 |
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660 |
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660 |
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649 |
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684 |
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690 |
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679 |
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635 |
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679 |
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625 |
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672 |
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672 |
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615 |
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643 |
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635 |
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668 |
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649 |
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625 |
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679 |
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625 |
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672 |
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668 |
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649 |
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679 |
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643 |
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615 |
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Keyword Index |
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668 |
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649 |
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643 |
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690 |
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625 |
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649, 660
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679 |
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690 |
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690 |
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635 |
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660 |
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660 |
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684 |
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672 |
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625 |
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668 |
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684 |
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635 |
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684 |
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625 |
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643 |
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649 |
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649 |
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635 |
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668 |
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660 |
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679 |
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615 |
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668 |
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643 |
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625 |
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635 |
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684 |
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672 |
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690 |
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615 |
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679 |
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643 |
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649 |
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679 |
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615 |
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672 |
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660 |
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660 |
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643 |
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684 |
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649 |
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615 |
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684 |
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615 |
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615 |
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679 |
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672 |
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615 |
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668 |
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643 |
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Correspondent
author has been indicated by * sign
Review
Articles
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 615-624
Lifestyle factors in deteriorating male
reproductive health
Sunil Kumar1,2,
Archana Kumari1 & Shiva
Murarka2
Division of Reproductive and
Cytotoxicology1, ENVIS-NIOH Centre2,
National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad 380 016,
Many health problems are related to lifestyle and
dietary factors. Increasing trend in reproductive disorders observed in recent
years may be associated at least in part with these factors, which are
compounded by some of the new emergent life styles. The data available suggests
that lifestyle factors such as obesity, tobacco smoking or chewing, alcohol and
some of the illicit drugs like cocaine, cannabis etc and exposure to extreme
heat, have adverse effects on male reproduction. The data on other factors such
as use of mobile phone and stress on reproductive health are inadequate and
need detailed study. Lifestyle related diseases could be lowered with modification in diet,
living and working environment etc. Sub-fertile and/or normal subjects have
some control over their reproductive function by adopting healthy lifestyles to
avoid additional complications.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 625-634
Role of different cytokines and
seizure susceptibility: A new dimension towards epilepsy research
RS Rao, A Prakash & B Medhi *
Department of Pharmacology,
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,
Epilepsy is a common
health problem. Although variety of factors influence the incidence and
prevalence of seizures, cytokines are considered to play an important role in
seizures. Cytokines are also known to be involved in other neurodegenerative
disorders. Proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and growth
factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as anti-inflammatory
cytokine IL-10 and related molecules have been described in CNS and plasma of
experimental models of seizures and clinical cases of epilepsy. There are
reports suggesting more predispositions to seizures during inflammatory
conditions like colitis, pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis. These inflammatory
cytokines and growth factors are also known to have dual roles in affecting seizure susceptibility. It remains to be seen
if cytokine modulators can be therapeutically exploited for patients with
inflammatory disorder and suffering from epilepsy.
Papers
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 635-642
Stem
cell-like outgrowths from in vitro
fertilized goat blastocysts
S S Pawar, D Malakar*,
A K De & Y
Animal Biotechnology Center, National
Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001,
Received
With an aim to isolate,
culture and characterize goat embryonic stem cell-like cells derived from in vitro fertilized goat blastocysts,
slaughterhouse derived goat oocytes were in
vitro matured in maturation medium in 5% CO2 air at 38.5oC.
Matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro
with fresh capacitated spermatozoa. Total 636 (36.5%) cleaved embryos were
obtained which were further co-cultured with goat oviductal epithelial cells
(GOEC) for 7-10 days. GOEC culture system was better for formation of morula
(150; 44.3%) and hatched blastocyst (13; 3.8%) than embryo development medium
culture system, [morula (69; 23.1%) and hatched blastocyst (5; 1.6%)]. Out of total
blastocysts (48) the primary colonies were formed in 23.3% (7/30) blastocysts,
and 66.6% (12/18) of hatched blastocysts. The cells of the inner cell mass
(ICM) derived primary colonies were small, aggregated and tightly packed in
nature forming embryoid bodies on further subculture. The colonies were stained
to see the expression of alkaline phosphatase and positive result was obtained.
Goat embryonic stem cell like outgrowths were also characterized for Oct-4
expression and positive result was found. It could be concluded that ICM cells
were isolated from in vitro
fertilized goat blastocysts and cultured for embryonic stem cell-like cells and
expression of alkaline phosphatase and Oct-
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 643-648
Molluscicidal activity
of Piper cubeba Linn., Piper longum Linn. and
Tribulus terrestris Linn. and their
combinations against
snail Indoplanorbis exustus Desh.
Jitendra K Pandey & D K
Singh*
Department of Zoology,
Received
The toxic effect of dried berries powder of P. cubeba, dried fruit powder of P. longum
and T. terrestris singly as well as
in combination [binary(1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1)] were studied against snail I. exustus. Toxicity of these plant products were time and concentration
dependent. Ethanol extracts of these plants were more effective than that of
other organic solvents. 96 h LC50 value of column purified fraction
of T. terrestris against
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 649-659
Effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata Linn seed on
gastro-duodenal ulceration and mucosal offensive and defensive factors in rats
T Prabhaa, M Dorababua,
Shalini Goelb, P K Agarwala, A Singha, V K
Joshic & R K Goela*
Departments of
Pharmacologya & Dravyagunac
&
Department of Pathologyb
Received
Pongamia pinnata has been advocated in Ayurveda for the
treatment of various inflammatory conditions and dyspepsia. The present work
includes initial phytochemical screening and study of ulcer protective and
healing effects of methanolic extract of seeds of P. pinnata (PPSM) in
rats. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of flavonoids in PPSM. PPSM
when administered orally (po) showed dose-dependent (12.5-50 mg/kg for 5 days)
ulcer protective effects against gastric ulcer induced by 2 h cold restraint
stress. Optimal effective dose of PPSM (25 mg/kg) showed antiulcerogenic activity
against acute gastric ulcers (GU) induced by pylorus ligation and aspirin and
duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine but not against ethanol-induced GU. It
healed chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid when given for 5 and 10
days. Further, its effects were studied on various parameters of gastric
offensive acid-pepsin secretion, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO)
and defensive mucosal factors like mucin secretion and mucosal cell shedding,
glycoproteins, proliferation and antioxidants; catalase (CAT), superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PPSM tended to decrease acid
output and increased mucin secretion and mucosal glycoproteins, while it
decreased gastric mucosal cell shedding without any effect on cell proliferation.
PPSM significantly reversed the increase in gastric mucosal LPO, NO and SOD
levels caused by CRS near to the normal level while it tended to increase CAT
and GSH level decreased by CRS and ethanol respectively. Thus, the ulcer
protective effects of PPSM may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and
the actions may be due to its effects both on mucosal offensive and defensive
factors.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 660-667
Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract
against CCl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic oxidative stress
Karunakar Hegdea*
& Arun B Joshib
a Department of Pharmacology
Post- Parangepete,
Mangalore 574 143,
b
Department of Pharmacognosy
N G S M Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore 574 160,
Received
Oral pre-treatment with ethanolic extract of the roots of C. carandas (ERCC; 100, 200 and 400
mg/kg, po) showed significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl4
and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the activities of serum
marker enzymes, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation, and significant increase in
the levels of uric acid, glutathione, super oxide dismutase, catalase and
protein in a dose dependent manner, which was confirmed by the decrease in the
total weight of the liver and histopathological examination. Data also showed
that ERCC possessed strong antioxidant activity, which may probably lead to the
promising hepatoprotective activities of C.
carandas root extract. These findings therefore supported the traditional
belief on hepatoprotective effect of the roots of C. carandas.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 668-671
Immunomodulatory
activity of aqueous extract of Achillea wilhelmsii
C. Koch in mice
Fariba Sharififar1,
Shirin Pournourmohammadi2 & Moslem Arabnejad1
Department of1Pharmacognosy
and 2Toxicology-Pharmacology, Research Center of Pharmaceutics,
School of Pharmacy,
Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Received
Immunomodulatory
activity of aqueous extract of Achillea wilhelmsii (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg
body weight for 5 days) was evaluated on body weight, relative organ weight,
delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response and haemagglutination titre
(HT) in female Swiss albino mice. No significant body weight gain differences
were recorded in various groups of animals. Significant increase in relative
organ weight of spleen at 100 mg/kg was observed. No elevation in the levels of
liver function test (LFT) enzymes and kidney relative weight was observed in
tested doses of the plant. The extract of A.
wilhelmsii elicited a significant increase in the DTH response at the dose
of 100 mg/kg. In the HT test, plant extract showed stimulatory effect in all
doses, however this changes were significant at 50 mg/kg. No mortality was
occurred in tested doses. Overall, A. wilhelmsii showed a
stimulatory effect on both humoral and cellular immune functions in mice.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 672-678
Sequence information, ontogeny and
tissue-specific expression of complement component C3 in Indian major carp, Labeo
rohita (
Jasobanta Mishra, P K Sahoo*,
B R Mohanty & Abhilipsa Das
Central Institute of Freshwater
Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga,
Received
The complement system is one
of the first line of immune defence mechanisms as well as a modifier of
acquired immunity. C3 is the central complement component primarily synthesized
in liver. The local synthesis of C3 in tissues other than liver may play an
important role in local inflammatory processes. The present study aims at
looking into ontogeny of C3 in Labeo rohita and its tissue-specific
expression that is yet to be explored for Indian carps. Unfertilised eggs, and
eggs after 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 h post-fertilization and hatchlings at 24 h, and 3
and 7 days post-fertilization were collected from three brood fish of L.
rohita (rohu). Total RNA was extracted from ~50 mg of tissue and subjected
to RT-PCR using heterologous carp primers to amplify C3 fragment. A product of
155 bp size of rohu C3 was amplified, the deduced amino acid sequence of which
had 91.1% similarity to that of Cyprinus
carpio C3. C3 mRNA was not detected in unfertilized and 6 h
post-fertilised eggs. C3 transcripts were detected 12 h post-fertilisation.
Similarly, tissues from liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, brain, gonads,
intestine, blood, heart and gills collected from juveniles of rohu were
subjected to detection of C3 transcripts by RT-PCR and C3 mRNA was detected in
all the tissues. Thus, it is concluded that there is extra-hepatic synthesis of
complement (C3) in L. rohita and the synthesis of this component occurs
only 6 h post-fertilisation.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 679-683
Hybridization between threatened
freshwater catfish Mystus gulio (Hamilton & Buchanan) and Mystus
montanus (Jerdon) by artificial fertilization
M A Haniffa*, M
Dhanaraj, C Muthu Ramakrishnan, R Arthi Manju, Y Ananth Kumar & S V Arun
Singh
Centre for Aquaculture Research and
Extension (CARE), St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai 627002,
Received
Inter-specific hybrids were
produced between the threatened catfish species Mystus gulio × Mystus
montanus. The differences in percentage of fertilization and hatching
between control and interspecies were significant. The survival of hybrid was
significantly lower (24.80 ± 4.3%) when compared to control (95.1 ± 3.5%). Time
difference in yolk absorption by hybrid (73.30 h) was higher than that of
control (72 h). When compared to interspecific fertilized egg the hatching time
(24-25 h) and viability of larvae of the control were significantly better. In
hybrids more deformed hatchlings (52.7 ± 4.2 %) were noticed than the control
(24.80 ± 4.3%).
\Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 684-689
Carborundum-dependent entrance of
EcoRI restriction enzyme into plant cells and
specific cleavage of genomic DNA
Ashraf Gholizadeh*
& B Baghban Kohnehrouz†
Department of Biology, Research Institute for
Fundamental Sciences (RIFS),
†Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology,
Received
In a basic research to
determine the morpho-molecular interactions of plant tissues with EcoRI
DNA restriction enzyme, it was demonstrated that this protein is capable of
entering the sunflower and maize leaf cells using a plant tissue-abrading
material and cleaving the genomic DNA at specific sites. This was inferred from
the analysis of morphological patterns of EcoRI-treated leaf areas as
well as using some molecular tests, including the cleavage pattern analysis of
genomic DNA isolated from treated locations followed by ligation of cleaved
fragments into EcoRI site of a DNA cloning vector system. The overall
results indicated that the specific restriction of genomic DNA may happen
following the entrance of EcoRI protein most likely into the nucleus of
plant cells.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 690-694
Comparative biosorption of Pb2+
by live algal consortium and immobilized dead biomass from aqueous
solution
Rajiv Kumar & Dinesh Goyal*
Department of Biotechnology &
Environmental Sciences,
Received
The percent removal and uptake of Pb2+
by algal-consortium (CP1) developed from wastewater of biological oxidation
pond (Wazirabad, New Delhi, India) was studied under batch conditions with live
biomass compared with continuous system using dried biomass immobilized on
silica under laboratory conditions. In batch study, algal consortium (CP1)
consisting of a mixed culture of Chlorella>Chlamydomonas>Lyngbya sp. was found to remove 17% of
Pb2+ after 15 days of incubation from culture media containing 10
mg/L Pb2+, which decreased by increasing metal concentration from 20-50
mg/L. This reduction in removal efficiency was co-related with direct toxic
effect of Pb2+ on live consortium as indicated by drastic
inhibition in growth. A maximum lead uptake capacity (qmax) of 33.31 mg/g showed good accumulation potential
of live consortium. Bioresin derived from the biomass of dried algal consortium
immobilized on silica gel and packed in column exhibited 92.5% removal of Pb2+
with inlet Pb2+ concentration of 33.90 mg/L was brought down to
minimum 0.375 mg/L of Pb2+ in outlet stream. The plot of outlet
concentration to volume exhibited the typical ‘S’ shape curve with Pb2+
uptake capacity of 15.95 mg/g. Efficient recovery of 86.16 % of Pb2+ was
achieved by elution with dilute HCl which indicated multiple usability of
immobilized biomass.