Website address: www

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & BiophysicsVol. 43, December 2006, pp. 351-359

Mechanism of inhibition of Ca²⁺-transport activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca²⁺-ATPase by anisodamine

Yuhong Pang, Xiaozhu Li, Sanbo Qin, Hongjie Zhang* and Jianwen Chen*

Institute of Biophysics, Academy Sinica, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China

Received 09 June 2006; revised 13 November 2006

The mechanism of inhibition of Ca²⁺-transport activity of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA) by anisodamine (a drug isolated from a medicinal herb Hyoscyamus niger L) was investigated by using ANS (1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate) fluorescence probe, intrinsic fluorescence quenching and Ca²⁺-transport activity assays. The number of ANS binding sites for apo Ca²⁺-ATPase was determined as 8, using a multiple-identical binding site model. Both anisodamine and Ca²⁺ at millimolar level enhanced the ANS binding fluorescence intensities. Only anisodamine increased the number of ANS molecules bound by SERCA from 8 to 14. The dissociation constants of ANS to the enzyme without any ligand, with 30 mM anisodamine and with 15 mM Ca²⁺were found to be 53.0 mM, 85.0 mM and 50.1 mM,respectively. Both anisodamine and Ca²⁺ enhanced the ANS binding fluorescenc with apparent dissociation constants of 7.6 mM and 2.3 mM, respectively, at a constant concentration of the enzyme. Binding of anisodamine significantly decreased the binding capacity of Ca²⁺ with the dissociation constant of 9.5 mM, but binding of Ca²⁺ had no obvious effect on binding of anisodamine. Intrinsic fluorescence quenching and Ca²⁺-transport activity assays gave the dissociation constants of anisodamine to SERCA as 9.7 and 5.4 mM, respectively, which were consistent with those obtained from ANS-binding fluorescence changes during titration of SERCA with anisodamine and anisodamine + 15 mM Ca²⁺, respectively. The results suggest that anisodamine regulates Ca²⁺-transport activity of the enzyme, by stabilizing the trans-membrane domain in an expanded, inactive conformation, at least at its annular ring region.

Keywords: Anisodamine, Sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca²⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-transport activity, ANS binding fluorescence, Conformational change

E.mail: hjzhang@sun5.ibp.ac.cn

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 360-371

3D-QSAR of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer agents by genetic function approximation

Nilesh K Wagh, Hemantkumar S Deokar, Dhanshri C Juvale, Shivajirao S Kadam and Vithal M Kulkarni*

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University,
Erandwane, Pune 411 038, India

Received 08 June 2006; revised 31 August 2006

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in gene transcription and are implicated in cancer therapy and other diseases. Inhibitors of HDACs induce cell differentiation and suppress cell proliferation in the tumor cells. Although many such inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, but selective inhibitors for HDAC isoforms are lacking. Various hydroxamic acid analogues have been reported as HDAC inhibitors. Here, we report a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study performed using genetic function approximation (GFA) for this class of molecules. QSAR models were generated using a training set of 39 molecules and the predictive ability of final model was assessed using a test set of 17 molecules. The internal consistency of the final QSAR model was 0.712 and showed good external predictivity of 0.585. The results of the present QSAR study indicated that molecular shape analysis (MSA), thermodynamic and structural descriptors are important for inhibition of HDACs.

Keywords: 3D-QSAR; Genetic function approximation, Anticancer agents, Histone deacetylases, Hydroxamic acid analogues, Physico-chemical descriptors

*E-mail: vivivips5@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 372-376

A new fragmentation rearrangement of the N-terminal protected

amino acids using ESI-MS/MS

Zhen-Tai Zhu, Yan-Mei Li*, Yan-Ting Guo, Ming Sun and Yu-Fen Zhao

The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China

Received 23 February 2006; revised 12 November 2006

A novel fragmentation rearrangement reaction with a carboxyl oxygen negative charge migration was observed in the N-terminal protected amino acids including Fmoc-protected phosphoserine, phosphothroenine, and phosphotyrosine and their analogues using the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The possible mechanism of a five-membered ring transition state was proposed and supported by the further experiments. It was found that the tendency of the rearrangement was determined by the blocking status of its C-terminal and the reaction was proved to be independent of the N-terminal and side-chain protecting groups of the amino acids.

Keywords: Terminal-protected amino acids, ESI-MS/MS, Electronic migration, Rearrangement

*E mail: liym@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 377-381

Biosynthesis of protease from Lactobacillus paracasei: Kinetic analysis of fermentation parameters

Ikram-ul-Haq and Hamid Mukhtar*

Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, G.C. University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

Received 31 May 2006; revised 21 November 2006

Fifteen strains of Lactobacillus species, isolated from different samples of curd were screened for their ability to produce more extracellular protease. The proteolytic activities of these strains based on casein hydrolysis showed a variation of 1.26-5.80 U ml^-1, with Lactobacillus IH₈showing the maximum activity and was identified as L. paracasei. Different cultural conditions for enhanced production of protease by L. paracasei were optimized. The optimal conditions for production of the enzyme were an incubation temperature of 35°C and a medium pH of 6.0. The maximum proteolytic activity of L. paracasei (7.28 Uml^-1) was achieved after 48 h of cultivation. The kinetic parameters such as product yield (Y_p/x), growth yield (Y_x/s), specific product yield (qp) and specific growth yield (qs) coefficients also revealed that the values of experimental results were kinetically significant.

Keywords: Protease, Lactobacillus, Kinetics, Medium pH, Incubation temperature

*E-mail: hamidwaseer@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 382-385

Facultative alkalophilic bacteria from mangrove soil with varying buffering capacity and H⁺conductance

P Kannan, S Ignacimuthu* and M Gabriel Paulraj

Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, India

Received 19 May 2006; revised 20 September 2006

Facultative alkalophilic bacteria Planococcus sp. (EMGA-26), Bacillus sp. (EMGA-29) and Corynebacterium spp. (EMGA-33 and 130) were isolated from mangrove soil samples. Neutrophiles were predominant than alkalophiles. Buffering capacity and membrane H⁺ conductance were investigated for the strains grown in PPYG medium at pH 10.5 using acid pulse technique. Bacillus sp. showed higher buffering capacity than Planococcus sp. and Corynebacterium spp. Buffering capacity was two-fold higher in Corynebacterium sp. EMGA-33 than in EMGA-130. The membrane H⁺ conductance was high in Bacillus sp. and was directly proportional to the buffering capacity values. The Bacillus sp. (EMGA-29) had higher cell membrane adaptability in high pH environment than the Planococcus sp. and Corynebacterium spp.

Keywords: Facultative alkalophile, Buffering capacity, H⁺ conductance, Planococcus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium

*E-mail: eri_lc@hotmail.com

Notes

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp 386-390

Acute effects of a partially purified fraction from garlic on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in rats: Putative involvement of
nitric oxide

Mokni Mehrzia¹, Limam Ferid², Amri Mohamed¹ and Aouani Ezzedine¹*

¹Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia

²Laboratoire Interactions Légumineuses-Microorganismes, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole Bordj Cédria, Tunisia

Received 03 August 2006; revised 15 November 2006

Garlic has been extensively used as a medicinal plant. Most of its numerous beneficial effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumoral involve sulfur-derived amino acids. In the present work, we reevaluated the acute effects of aqueous extract of garlic on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in normal rats. Control (vehicle H₂O) or garlic extract-treated group at 100-120 mg protein/kg body wt were intraperitoneally injected (IP) and glucose, cholesterol, insulin and nitric oxide metabolites levels were determined after a short-term duration of 6 h. We confirmed that garlic contained an active fraction, exerting both glucose and cholesterol-lowering activity. The glucose-lowering effect was triggered by an increase in insulinemia. Preliminary study indicated that the active agent was different from S-allyl-cysteine-sulfoxide, the active principle implicated in hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects of garlic or arginine. The mechanism of action seemed to involve nitric oxide (NO), which increased time and dose-dependently. The garlic effects were abolished by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI = 1 mg/kg body wt), a specific inhibitor of NO production, suggesting the involvement of constitutive nitric oxide synthase.

Keywords: Garlic, Rat, Glucose, Cholesterol, Insulinemia, Nitric oxide.

*E-mail: ezzedine_aouani@yahoo.fr

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 391-394

Purification of l-asparaginase from a bacteria Erwinia carotovora and effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative on some of its kinetic parameters

V P Kamble¹, R Srinivasa Rao¹, Prita S Borkar¹,
C N Khobragade^1* and B S Dawane²

¹School of Life Sciences, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University,
Nanded (MS) 431 606

²Department of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya,
Nanded (MS) 431 606

Received 19 August 2006; revised 17 November 2006

l-Asparaginase shows antileukemic activity and is generally administered in the body in combination with other anticancer drugs like pyrimidine derivatives. In the present study, L-asparaginase was purified from a bacteria Erwinia carotovora and the effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative (1-amino-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-thioxo, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester) was studied on the kinetic parameters K_mand V_maxof the enzyme using l-asparagine as substrate. The enzyme had optimum activity at pH 8.6 and temperature 35°C, both in the absence and presence of pyrimidine derivative and substrate saturation concentration at 6 mg/ml. For the enzymatic reaction in the absence and presence (1 to 3 mg/ml) of dihydropyrimidine derivative, K_m values were 7.14, 5.26, 4.0, and 5.22 M, and V_maxvalues were 0.05, 0.035, 0.027 and 0.021 mg/ml/min, respectively. The kinetic values suggested that activity of enzyme was enhanced in the presence of dihydropyrimidine derivative.

Keywords: Erwinia carotovora, l-Asparaginase activity, Dihydropyrimidine derivative

*Email: cnkhobragade@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Vol. 43, December 2006, pp. 395-396

TRendys Meeting Report 2006

The thirteenth meeting of TRendys in Biochemistry, a forum to discuss frontier areas and emerging concepts in biochemistry, was held at National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad during August 18-19, 2006. Dr. M Raghunath, Deputy Director, NIN, convener of the meeting, welcomed the gathering comprising eminent scientists, research scholars and students. Prof. Kalluri Subba Rao, National Convener, TRendys in Biochemistry briefed the genesis of TRendys and gave the highlights of the TRendys past meetings. Prof. T Ramasarma, who originally conceived this type of meetings, traced the growth of the TRendys over the years and mentioned how scientists in the country are bogged down with lots of administrative responsibilities, travel, membership in various committees, etc. and how that is equated with the growth of the scientist!

Padmasri Dr. Seyed E Hasnain, Vice Chancellor, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, in his oration talk “Tracing Human Ancestry Using Viruses and Other Commensals ” traced the origin and migration of human ancestors using virus and other commensals. He outlined the problems of human origins and migrations and the difficulties associated with such studies, and listed various tools such as archaeological, linguistic and genetic markers to trace human ancestry. He also briefed about the utility of mutations, micro-satellites and haplotype analysis for individual population, forensic and archaeological applications, based on the length of the micro-satellites. In the second part of this talk, dealt upon the construction of phylogenetic trees, their uses and various algorithms used for computations. Citing suitable examples, he emphasized that viruses and commensals co-existing across the time scale can be used conveniently to trace the human migration. In recognition of his thought-provoking oration lecture, Dr. Hasnain was felicitated and presented with a silver plaque by Dr. B Sesikeran the Director, NIN, the host Institution,.

Prof. T Ramasarma (Center for DNA Finger-printing and Diagnostics, Hyderabad), in his talk “Give an Enzyme a Name: You will not Know its True Functions” shared some of his experiences with superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyzes dismutation of superoxide radicals(O₂·^- + O₂·^- + 2H⁺ O₂ + H₂O₂). Based on his experiences, he observed that SOD could catalyze the reverse reaction leading to production of superoxide radical in the presence of vanadate and other metal ions. He shared the difficulties encountered in convincing the reviewers of various journals about the reverse reaction of SOD. He emphasized, “because we already settled to a name for a given protein, which in itself describes certain specific function, this leads to a biased approach”. He pointed out that it is being increasingly recognized that many proteins are multi-functional, and their function depends on the cellular demand and conditions at the given period.

Dr. Raghu Kalluri, Harvard Medical School, USA, spoke on “From an Experiment to a Drug” as a part of the “Spikes and Flashes” session introduced at this meeting. He emphasized the importance of thinking towards a clinical problem while doing basic research. He shared that basic research is exciting and rewarding in terms of publications, yet one should constantly focus on the clinical utility of the work. Therefore, he urged the group to work on existing health problems leading to development of drugs.

Dr. M N V Prasad, University of Hyderabad, spoke (Spikes and Flashes) on “Healing Plants that Accumulate and Hyper accumulate Toxic Trace Elements: Risk or Remedies for Traditional Systems of Medicine”. He presented data on heavy metal content of various plants, herbs that are commonly used as food and medicine. He expressed his concern on the high concentrations of toxic metal ions in many commonly used plants have, particularly when cultivated in industrial areas. He cautioned that green leafy vegetables like spinach and amaranth are being grown in unhygienic and polluted areas, which have high concentrations of toxic metals, and hence pose potential health risks.

Prof. V Sitaramam, University of Pune, in his talk on “Plant Yield: What to Measure” highlighted the lack of early markers for measuring the yield of a plant, despite its routine use in selecting seed varieties. He added that plant growth patterns, branching patterns etc. are not of much use in measuring the yield. He concluded that measuring oxygen consumption of an early seedling would correlate with its growth and possible productivity.

Prof. J Shobhanaditya, Osmania University Hyderabad, in his talk (Spikes and Flashes) on “Cellular Functions of Ubiquitin” explained the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation mechanisms. He provided a diagrammatic representation of various proteins and enzymes involved in protein degradation, and role of proteasomes in protein processing.

Dr. Amitabh Chattopadhyay, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad spoke about the “ Bloch Hypothesis and the Evolution of Cholesterol: How Essential is Cholesterol”. He dealt upon about the weird nature of cholesterol and its importance in metabolism and focused on biosynthesis of cholesterol and elucidated the Bloch and Kandutsch pathways. He also highlighted the clinical manifestations of defective cholesterol biosynthesis (Smith-Lemlie Syndrome), where there is a increased formation of 7-dehydrocholesterol, rather than cholesterol, due to an apparent block in 7-delta reductase. The possible replacement of cholesterol with desmosterol in in vitro models was also discussed.

Dr. Bhanuprakash Reddy, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad speaking on “Nutrition Research in the Era of Omics and Beyond” stressed the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms and network of alterations rather than single molecules, either due to supplementation or deficiency of nutrients, particularly micronutrients. He outlined the various frontier areas of nutrition research being carried out at NIN, Hyderabad. He stressed that research should continue on maternal under-nutrition and its consequences, role of dietary factors on degenerative diseases, bio-availability screening methods, diabetes and obesity research as these complications are directly linked to the nutrition.

Prof. Sohan Modak (IGIB, Delhi) on his talk on “Multiparametric Consensus Molecular Phylogenetic Trees in 3-D” explained various ways of constructing the phylogenetic trees, based on phenotypic and genotypic markers. Some of the problems associated with statistical methodologies being used for constructing phylogenetic trees were highlighted. Examples were presented to demonstrate that same data would give different results, depending on the algorithms used. Finally, he presented his recent work on constructing 3-D models with and without roots. He emphasized that this kind of visualization increases the clarity of the data and is easy to understand and interpret.

Prof. Kalluri Subba Rao, University of Hyderabad, in his talk (Spikes and Flashes) on “Unusual Paths to Discovery: The Story of Lamin A” discussed about ‘Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome’ (HGPS), a genetic disorder characterized by rapid aging and death during second decade. He explained the story of an American doctor couple, with a son afflicted with this genetic disorder, their unprecedented struggle to wake up the scientific community of that country, and finally succeeding in identifying that a large deletion in the lamin A gene as possible locus. He emphasized that a special kind of scientific culture and scientific temper are needed for achieving such successes.

Dr. K P Mohankumar, IICB, Kolkata speaking
on “The Aging Mitochondria” explained that mitochondrial genes are not inherited by the same mechanism as nuclear genes. At fertilization of an egg by a sperm, the egg nucleus and sperm nucleus each contribute equally to the genetic make-up of the zygote nucleus. In contrast, the mitochondria, and therefore the mitochondrial DNA, usually comes from the egg only. He presented evidences to indicate that sperm's mitochondria enters the egg, but are destroyed and do not contribute their genes to the embryo.

M Raghunath*, B Sridhar and P Raghu

National Institute of Nutrition

Hyderabad 500007

*E-mail:manchalar@yahoo.com

Adhya M	94
Advani S H	7
Ahmad R	217
Al-Ayed M S	186
Ali I A F	312
Angayarkanni N	275
Antony B	182
Archunan G	319
Banavali S D	7
Bandyopadhyay S	7
BhatiaV S	41
Bhise S B	337
Borkar P S	391
Chainy G B N	37
Chandra A	244
Chatterjee B P	94
Chatterjee Mary	299
Chatterjee Mitali	7
Chatterjee N	233
Chen J	351
Chi Z	143, 289
Chiou S-Y	52
Dalai M K	105
Das S K	306
Dasgupta D	148
Datta S	254
Dawane B S	391
Daxiang S	88
Deokar H S	360
Dikshit M	69
Dixit R	15
Dixit S	15
Emerole G O	20
Ensari Y	123
Ezzedine A	386
Farombi E O	20
Fatima R A	312
Ferid L	386
GakharS	15
Gao L	289
Garg A	82
Garg P	98
Ghirardi M L	201
Ghosh P K	25
Girigowda K	295
Guo Y-T	372
Gupta A K	32
Gupta S	254
Gupta Y K	69
Guruprasad K N	41
Haq I	377
Hasnain A	217
He S	143
Hoque M	167
Hu H-Y	345
Husain E	312
Ignacimuthu S	382
Joshi N	323
Joshi P	323
Juvale D C	360
Kadam S S	360
Kamble V P	391
Kannan P	382
Kaskhedikar S G	32
Katoch S S	160
Kaur K	267
Khobragade C N	391
Küçükkaya B	251
Kulkarni V M	360
Kumar N	226
Kumar S	226
Lai G-W	52
Lakshmi S	275
Leonard J T	105
Li X	351
Li Y-M	372
Liang L	289
Lin G	52
Lin L-L	345
Lin L-Y	52
Ma L	289
Mahmood A	267
Mahmood S	267
Mandal C	7
Mehrzia M	386
Meng C X	284
Mishra S	25
Misra N	173
Mitra C K	137
Mohamed A	386
Mohanty B P	247
Mohanty P	37
Moulik S P	254
Mourya V K	337
Mukhtar H	377
Mulimani V H	295
Nagarajan S	233
Nair C N	7
Naseem I	312
Nawale R B	337
OmPraba G	154
Onyema O O	20
Onyeze G O	20
Oommen O V	119
ÖztürkG	251
Pal S	7
Palaniswami M S	182
Pang Y	351
Patel A	25
Patel S	69
Paulraj M G	382
Ponmanickam P	319
Prasad O	173
Pundir C S	98
Qin S	284, 351
Ramakrishnan S	275
Rani K	98
Rao R S	391
Rekha T S	137
Roy K	105
Sanyal S K	254
Saxena A K	32
Saxena M	32
SelvanayagamS	211
Selvi R	275
Sharma S	82, 160
Sharma U	323
Sil P C	299
Singh M P	69
Singh P	167, 226
Singha B	94
Sinha L	173
Soni L K	32
Sreejith P	119
Su Z-L	284
Subudhi U	37
Sulochana K N	275
Sumathi S	148
Sun M	372
Sundal S	160
Thippeswamy S	295
Tolan V	123
Tyagi A	244
Ukoha A I	20
Vasudevan D M	306
Velmurugan D	154, 211
Vernwal S K	239
Wagh N K	360
Wakode S R	32
Wei W	284
Weng Y-M	345
Wenhua R	88
Yadav K D S	48, 239
Yadav M	48
Yadav R S S	239
Yadav S	41
Yalçıntepe L	251
Yamane T	211
Yang G	88
Yao S	143
Yao Y-F	345
YashRoy R C	167
Zhang H	351
Zhang S	88
Zhao Y-F	372
Zhou K	88
Zhu Z-T	372

A
Achatinin-H
for binding of 9-OAcSAa2-6GalNAc	7–14
ACORN
iterative, high throughput tool in structural genomics	211–216
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
in childhood
l-asparaginase for management of	391
9-OAcSA-specific antibody levels as index for diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of	7–14
b-Adrenoceptor (bAR) agonists
clenbuterol-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, role of metabolic and physiologic characteristics of fibres in determination of response to	160–166
isoproterenol, role in attenuating muscle atrophy under stress, study on rat skeletal muscle	82–87
Advanced glycated end products (AGEs)	337–344
Agglutinin
FCA, biotinylated, for recognition of bacteria	94–97
Air-breathing organ (ABO)
in teleosts, myofibrillar contractility and m-ATPase of	217–225
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)
silymarin from Silybium marianum as remedy for	306–311
Algae, green
Haematococcus pluvialis, carotenoid hydroxylase gene promoter in, characterization of	284–288
photosynthetic, hydrogen production by	201–210
Alkylamine glass beads
immobilization of 3a-HSD and diaphorase onto, for determination of bile acid in serum and bile	98–104
ALL. See Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Allium sativum. See Garlic
Amino acid(s)
extraction and carrier-facilitated transport through bulk liquid membrane, use of synthetic noncyclic receptors in	323–326
homocysteine, in health and diseases, biochemistry of	275–283
N-terminal protected, new fragmentation rearrangement using ESI-MS/MS	372–376
Amlodipine besylate
CEase inhibition (in vitro) by, kinetics and mechanism of	52–55
a-Amylase
activity, growth and plasmids amplification in Bacillus subtilis, effect of endosulfan on	123–126
producing Bacillus spp. from dhal industry waste, isolation and identification of	295–298
Anabas testudineus
antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxiation in, regulatory effect of tri- iodothyronine on	119–122
Anisodamine
from Hyoscyamus niger, inhibition of Ca2⁺- transport activity of SERCA by, mechanism of	351–359
Anopheles stephens
c-type lysozyme from, identification and characterization of	15–19
1-Anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate. See ANS fluorescence probe ANS fluorescence probe
to study conformational change of SERCA	352
Antibacterial peptide
scolopendrin I from venom of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, induction, purification and characterization of	88–93
Antibodies
against 9-OAcSA in childhood ALL, markers for initial diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of	7–14
Anticancer agents
HDAC inhibirtors as, 3D QSAR study using GFA	360–371
Antileukemic activity
of l-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora	391–394
Antimicrobial activity
of crude venom from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans against Gram +/- bacteria	90
Antioxidant(s)
C-phycocyanin from Lyngbya, Phormidium and Spirulina spp.	25–31
enzyme activities in Anabas testudineus, regulatory effect of tri-iodothyronine on	119–122
vitamin E
compared to Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract	299–305
effect on MSG-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress	20–24
Aquatic pollution
p53-like protein from Lamellidens corrianus as biological indicator	247–250
l-Asparaginase
from Erwinia carotovora, purification, and effect of dihydropyrimidine derivative on some kinetic parameters of	391–394
Aspergillus terreus
ligninperoxidases from, enzymatic characteristics of	48–51
Astaxanthin
biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis, role of carotenoid hydroxylase in: characterization of respective gene promoter from	284–288

B
Bacillus spp.
from mangrove soil, buffering capacity and H⁺ conductance of	382–385
a-amylase producing, from dhal industry waste, isolation and identification of	295–298
Bacillus subtilis
endosulfan on growth, a-amylase activity and plasmids amplification in	123–126
Bacteria
facultative alkalophilic, from mangrove soil with varying buffering capacity and H⁺ conductance	382–385
Gram-positive/Gram-negative, biotinylated FCA for recognition of	94–97
Bakers' yeast
chromosome of, FFT study of long range correlations in	137–142
Begomoviruses	182
Bemisia tabaci. See Whitefly
Benzodiazepine receptor (BzR)
PBR vs. CBR binding affinity, selectivity requirements for: QSAR modeling of 2- phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamides	105–118
Benzodiazepines
chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, CEase inhibition by, kinetics and mechanism of	52–55
Bile acid
in serum and bile, determination using 3a- HSD and diaphorase	98–104
Bile-salt activated lipase. See Cholesterol esterase
Biliary tract diseases
silymarin from Silybium marianum as remedy for	306–311
Biochemical characterization
of selected air-breathing teleosts	217–225
Boc-protected amino acids (BPAAs)
fragment ions observed in	373
Bone-matrix formation
and osteogenesis under magnetic field stimulation in vivo: XRD, TEM and SEM investigations	167–172
BOOK REVIEW
"Photosystem II. The Light-Driven Water: Plastoquinone Oxidoreductase," 2005 (Eds: Wydrzynski & Satoh) Vol. 22, Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration (AIPH), (Ser Ed: Govindjee)	56–58
Brij-30/Brij-92. See Surfactants
Brushite	226
Butoxamine
level for reversal of isoproterenol's ameliorative effect on work stress- induced skeletal muscle degeneration in rats	82–87

C
Caediolipin
hexagonal phase, induced by anisodamine	351
Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals
casuative factor of urolithiasis, XRD, EDX and SEM investigations of	226–232
Calculus. See Urolith
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
and homocysteine	278
Cardiovascular drugs
CEase inhibition (in vitro) by, kinetics and mechanisms of	52–55
Carotenoid hydroxylase
gene promoter in Haematococcus pluvialis, characterization of	284–288
Cassava
pathogenesis-related proteins in, induced by Bemisia tabaci feeding	182–185
Cassava mosaic disease (CMD)	182
Catalase (PDB-ID:1gwe)
interative ACORN with ARP/wARP and REFMAC of	211–216
Catla catla
biochemical properties and adaptive diversity of skeletal muscle myofibrils and myosin of, correlation between	217–225
Ca2⁺-transport
activity of SERCA, inhibition by anisodamine, mechanism of	351–359
CEase. See Cholesterol esterase
Cell line
K562 erythroleukemia cells, role of nitric oxide during erythroid differentiation in	251–253
Centipedes
Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, scolopendrin I from venom of: induction, purification and characterization of	88–93
Central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR)
vs. PBR, binding affinity of, selectivity requirements for: QSAR modeling of 2- phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine acetamides	105–118
Channa punctata
biochemical properties and adaptive diversity of skeletal muscle myofibrils and myosin of, correlation between	217–225
Childhood
ALL in l-asparaginase for management of	391
9-OAcSA-specific antibody levels as index for diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of	7–14
Chitinase
in cassava, induced by Bemisia tabaci feeding	182–185
Chlordiazepoxide
CEase inhibition (in vitro) by, kinetics and mechanism of	52–55
Cholesterol
acute effects of partially purified fraction from garlic on	386–390
level in skeletal muscles and heart under stress, effect of isoproterenol on	82–87
Cholesterol esterase (CEase)
inhibition, in vitro, by cardiovascular drugs, kinetics and mechanisms of	52–55
Chromatography. See also RP-HPLC
nickel-chelate, for purification of overexpressed g-glutamyltranspeptidase from E. coli	345–350
Circular dichroism (CD)
far and near-UV, to study effect of denaturants on structure and activity of 3-HBA-6-hydroxylase	148–153
Clarias batrachus
biochemical properties and adaptive diversity of skeletal muscle myofibrils and myosin of, correlation between	217–225
Clenbuterol
-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, role of metabolic and physiologic characteristics of fibres in determination of response to	160–166
Clostridium spp
diaphorase from, use in determination of bile acid in serum and bile	98–104
Compactin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, use in pharmacotherapy for hyperlipidemia	32
Congerin II (PDB-ID:1is3)
eel galectin, interative ACORN with ARP/wARP and REFMAC of	211–216
Corynebacterium spp.
from mangrove soil, buffering capacity and H⁺ conductance of	382–385
Crystal structures
congerin II and catalase
interative ACORN with ARP/wARP and REFMAC of	211–216
Cyanobacteria
C-phycocyanin from Lyngbya, Phormidium and Spirulina spp., antioxidant potential of	25–31
l-Cysteine (l-cys)
Cyt c(III) reduction by, kinetics and mechanism of	37–40
Cyt c(III). See Ferricytochrome c

D
Denaturants
effect on structure and activity of 3-HBA-6- hydroxylase	148–153
Diabetes
complications due to non-enzymatic glycation of proteins	337–344
type I, and homocysteine	278
Diabetic
angiopathy	342–343
nephropathy	341–342
neuropathy	340–341
retinopathy	339–340
Diaphorase
from Clostridium spp, use in determination of bile acid in serum and bile	98–104
Diazepam
CEase inhibition (in vitro) by, kinetics and mechanism of	52–55
Dielectrics
and phase transition, for study of bovine albumin-liposomes interaction	186–189
Diethylene glycol
and its derivative receptors, use in extraction and carrier-facilitated transport of amino acids through bulk liquid membrane	323–326
Differential display (DD)
use in isolation of stress responsive Psb A gene from drought-tolerant Oryza sativa genotype N22	244–246
Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes
hexagonal phase, induced by anisodamine	351
Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl acid (DPPA)
phase separation by anisodamine	351
DNA
polymorphism, exhibited by stress responsive Psb A gene from drought-tolerant Oryza sativa genotype N22	244–246
sequence, spectral representation, applications of	137
DsDNA viruses
genome sequences of	137–142
Drought tolerance
in wheat varieties HDR 77 and HD 2009	233–238
Drug delivery
plant oil derived micro-emulsion vehicles for	254–257
Drugs
cardiovascular, in vitro CEase inhibition by, kinetics and mechanisms of	52–55
and toxicants, relevant genes/proteins/pathways affected by	70

E
EcGGT gene
overexpression of	345–350
Ectopia lentis
as clinical symptom of homocystinuria type I	276–277
Eel galectin. See Congerin II
Electron microscopy
scanning (SEM)
and transmission (TEM), in vivo investigation of bone-matrix formation and osteogenesis under in vivo magnetic field stimulation	167–172
ultrastructure investigations of urinary calculi	226–232
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS)
use in fragmentation rearrangement of N- terminal protected amino acids	372–376
ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Endosulfan
effect on growth, a-amylase activity and plasmids amplification in Bacillus subtilis	123–126
Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy
for investigations of urinary calculi in urolithiasis	226–232
Enkephalins
Leu⁵ and Met⁵, vibrational dynamics of morphine in relation to	173–181
Enzyme kinetics
CEase inhibition (in vitro) by cardiovascular drugs, kinetics and mechanisms of	52–55
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
using biotinylated FCA and antibiotin-HRP for study of lectin-bacteria interaction	94–97
BSM-ELISA, for monitoring clinical status of ALL patients	7–14
Enzyme markers
of hepatocellular injury	21
Erwinia carotovora
l-asparaginase from, purification, and effect of dihydropyrimidine derivative on kinetic parameters of	391–394
Erythroid differentiation
in K562 erythroleukemia cells, nitric oxide levels during	251–253
Erythroleukemia cell line
K562, nitric oxide levels during erythroid differentiation in	251–253
Escherichia coli
recombinant g-glutamyltranspeptidase from overexpression of	345–350
ESI-MS/MS. See Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

F
Facultative alkalophilic bacteria
from mangrove soil with varying buffering capacity and H⁺ conductance	382–385
Fast-Fourier Transformation (FFT)
study of 1/f correlations in viral genomes	137–142
FCA. See Ficus cunia agglutinin
Ferricytochrome c [Cyt c(III)]
reduction by GSH and L-cysteine, kinetics and mechanism of	37–40
FFT. See Fast-Fourier Transformation
Ficus cunia agglutinin (FCA)
biotinylated, for recognition of bacteria	94–97
Flow cytometric analysis
detection of cell surface 9-OAcSGs by, application in diagnosis of childhood ALL	7–14
Fluorescence
ANS binding fluorescence probe to study conformational change of SERCA	351–359
Fluorescence spectroscopy
intrinsic, to study effect of denaturants on structure and activity of 3-HBA-6- hydroxylase	148–153
Fmoc-protected amino acids (FPAAs)
fragment ions observed in	373
Food flavours
MSG, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress, induced by, effect of vitamin E on	20–24
Fusarium oxysporum
ligninperoxidases from, enzymatic characteristics of	48–51

G
Galectin, Eel. See Congerin II
Gallstone
patient with, bile acid determination in serum and bile using 3a-HSD and diaphorase	98–104
Garlic
partially purified fraction from, acute effects on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in rats: involvement of NO	386–390
Gene expression
recombinant g-glutamyltranspeptidase from E. coli, overexpression of	345–350
regulation of lactase expression and mechanism of adult-type hypolactasia, as cause of lactose intolerance	267–274
MAL1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe	143–147
Genetic function approximation (GFA)
use in 3D QSAR study of HDAC inhibitors	360–371
Genomics
and proteomics, contribution in understanding role of modifying factors in Parkinson's disease	69–81
a-2m Globulin
in rat preputial gland, identification by MALDI-TOF analysis	319–322
b-1,3-Glucanase
in cassava, induced by Bemisia tabaci feeding	182–185
Glucose
plasma level, acute effects of garlic extract on	386–390
g-Glutamyltranspeptidase
recombinant, from E. coli, overexpression of	345–350
Glutaraldehyde coupling
immobilization of 3a-HSD and diaphorase on alkylamine glass beads through	101
Glutathione (GSH)
Cyt c(III) reduction by, kinetics and mechanism of	37–40
Glycation
non-enzymatic,of proteins: cause for complications in diabetes	337–344
Glycol
di/tri/tetra-ethylene, and its derivative receptors, use in extraction and carrier- facilitated transport of amino acids through bulk liquid membrane	323–326
Green algae
Haematococcus pluvialis, carotenoid hydroxylase gene promoter in, characterization of	284–288
photosynthetic, hydrogen production by	201–210
Guanidinium hydrochloride (Gu.HCl)
effect on structure and activity of 3-HBA-6- hydroxylase	148–153

H
Haematococcus pluvialis
carotenoid hydroxylase gene promoter in, characterization of	284–288
H⁺ conductance
and buffering capacityof facultative alkalophilic bacteria from mangrove soil	382–385
HDACs. See Histone deacetylases
HDR 77/HD 2009
wheat varieties, relative binding of seed water and seed coat membrane stability in	233–238
Heart
and skeletal muscles in rats under work stress, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in, isoproterenol's ameliorative effect on	82–87
Hemin
K562 erythroleukemia cells induced by, nitric oxide levels during erythroid differentiation in	251–253
Hepatocellular injury
enzyme markers of	21
Hepatotoxicity
and oxidative stress, MSG-induced, effect of vitamin E on	20–24
High throughput techniques
ACORN with ARP/wARP and REFMAC for high throughput structural genomics	211–216
Histone deacetylases (HDACs)
hydroxamic acid analogues as inhibitors of 3D QSAR study using GFA	360–371
HMG-CoA. See Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A
Homocysteine (Hcy)
and cardiovascular disease	278
and diabetes type I	278
in health and diseases, biochemistry of	275–283
and Marfan syndrome	279
molecular mechanisms of
oxidative stress	279
protein homocysteinylation	279–281
protein thiolation	279
and ocular complications	278–279
and smoking	279
and thrombotic diseases	278
Homocysteinemia
possible treatment for	281
Homocystinuria type I
clinical symptoms and manifestations	276–277
cystathionine-b-synthase deficiency complictions	275–283
HSD. See Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Human group V secretory phospholipase A₂ (hVPLA₂)
QSAR analysis of indole analogues for inhibition of	154–159
hVPLA₂. See Human group V secretory phospholipase A₂
Hydrogen (H₂) production
by photosynthetic green algae	201–210
Hydroxamic acid analogues
as inhibitors of HDACs 3D QSAR study using GFA	360–371
Hydroxyapatite (HAP)	226
3-Hydroxybenzoate-6-hydroxylase
denaturants on structure and activity of	148–153
Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG- CoA) reductase
inhibitors, condensed pyridine and pyrimidine analogs as, pharmacophoric model of	32–36
3a-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3a-HSD)
from Pseudomonas testosteronei, use in determination of bile acid in serum and bile

Minireview
Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins: A cause for complications in diabetes	337
R B Nawale, V K Mourya* and S B Bhise

Papers
Overexpression of a recombinant g-glutamyltranspeptidase from Escherichia coli Novablue	345
Ya-Feng Yao, Yih-Ming Weng, Hui-Yu Hu and Long-Liu Lin*

Mechanism of inhibition of Ca²⁺-transport activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase by anisodamine	351
Yuhong Pang, Xiaozhu Li, Sanbo Qin, Hongjie Zhang* and Jianwen Chen*

3D-QSAR of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer agents by genetic function approximation	360
Nilesh K Wagh, Hemantkumar S Deokar, Dhanshri C Juvale, Shivajirao S Kadam, and Vithal M Kulkarni*

A new fragmentation rearrangement of the N-terminal protected amino acids using ESI-MS/MS	372
Zhen-Tai Zhu, Yan-Mei Li*, Yan-Ting Guo, Ming Sun, Yu-Fen Zhao

Biosynthesis of protease from Lactobacillus paracasei: Kinetic analysis of fermentation parameters	377
Ikram-ul-Haq and Hamid Mukhtar*

Facultative alkalophilic bacteria from mangrove soil with varying buffering capacity and H⁺conductance	382
P Kannan, S Ignacimuthu* and M Gabriel Paulraj

Notes
Acute effects of a partially purified fraction from garlic on plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in rats: Putative involvement of nitric oxide	386
Mokni Mehrzia, Limam Ferid, Amri Mohamed and Aouani Ezzedine*

Purification of l-asparaginase from a bacteria Erwinia carotovora and effect of a dihydropyrimidine derivative on some of its kinetic parameters	391
V P Kamble, R Srinivasa Rao, Prita S Borkar, C N Khobragade* and B S Dawane

Meeting Report (TRendys 2006)	395

Annual Author Index	397

Annual Subject Index	399

List of Referees	409

Instructions to Authors	413